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Indium vs Molybdenum

Indium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Indium


Periodic Table
Symbol
In   
Mo   
Group Number
13   
5
6   
12
Period Number
5   
5   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440746   
17
7439987   
99+
Space Group Name
I4/mmm   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
139.00   
8
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Carl Wilhelm Scheele   
Discovery
In 1863   
In 1778   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-8 %   
28
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
39
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
9
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Medical Research   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
In Bone
Not Available   
0.70 p.p.m.   
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
156.61 °C   
99+
2,617.00 °C   
5
Boiling Point
2,000.00 °C   
99+
4,612.00 °C   
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Gray   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.20   
20
5.50   
7
Brinell Hardness
8.80 MPa   
99+
1,370.00 MPa   
7
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,400.00 MPa   
6
Speed of Sound
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
5,400.00 m/s   
6
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
58.00 %   
15
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
In   
Mo   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.78   
16
2.16   
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.14   
8
1.15   
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.49   
13
1.30   
24
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.76   
10
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.66   
18
2.16   
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.22   
38
1.84   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
684.30 kJ/mol   
37
2nd Energy Level
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
1,560.00 kJ/mol   
37
3rd Energy Level
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
2,618.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
4,480.00 kJ/mol   
26
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,257.00 kJ/mol   
32
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.80 kJ/mol   
22
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,125.00 kJ/mol   
13
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,860.00 kJ/mol   
16
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
15,835.00 kJ/mol   
16
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
17,980.00 kJ/mol   
18
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
20,190.00 kJ/mol   
17
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,219.00 kJ/mol   
15
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,930.00 kJ/mol   
13
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,196.00 kJ/mol   
13
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,490.00 kJ/mol   
7
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,000.00 kJ/mol   
8
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
74,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
80,400.00 kJ/mol   
10
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
87,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
93,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
98,420.00 kJ/mol   
6
24th Energy Level
Not Available   
104,400.00 kJ/mol   
2
25th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
26th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
27th Energy Level
Not Available   
133,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
28th Energy Level
Not Available   
139,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
29th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
30th Energy Level
Not Available   
154,500.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.12 eV   
24
4.60 eV   
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
49   
99+
42   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
[Kr] 4d5 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
49   
99+
42   
99+
Number of Neutrons
66   
99+
54   
99+
Number of Electrons
49   
99+
42   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
167.00 pm   
24
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
142.00 pm   
99+
154.00 pm   
32
Van der Waals Radius
193.00 pm   
31
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
114.82 amu   
99+
95.95 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
9.40 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cadmium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Tin
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
54.00 (-eV)   
25
88.60 (-eV)   
13
Lattice Constant
325.23 pm   
99+
314.70 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
10.28 g/cm3   
36
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.02 g/cm3   
33
9.33 g/cm3   
20
Tensile Strength
2.50 MPa   
21
324.00 MPa   
13
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
126.00 GPa   
8
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
11.00 GPa   
99+
329.00 GPa   
6
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.31   
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Weldable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
10.22   
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
53.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
0.19 106/cm Ω   
11
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
71.90 kJ/mol   
14
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
0.25 J/(kg K)   
21
Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
24.06 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
81.80 W/m·K   
21
138.00 W/m·K   
12
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
4.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
594.10 kJ/mol   
8
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
27.61 kJ/mol   
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
653.00 kJ/mol   
7
Standard Molar Entropy
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
28.70 J/mol.K   
99+
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