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Bismuth vs Chromium

Bismuth
Chromium
Chromium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Cr  
Group Number
15  
3
6  
12
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440473  
39
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin  
Discovery
In 1753  
In Between 1797 - 1798  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.30 %  
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3  
12
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.33 p.p.m.  
25
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,857.00 °C  
14
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
2,672.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
8.50  
1
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
687.00 MPa  
18
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
1,060.00 MPa  
17
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
5,940.00 m/s  
8
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
2.97  
2
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Cr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
21  
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
1.66  
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.66  
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.56  
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.66  
19
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.65  
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.34  
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
1
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
1
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
1
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
1
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
1
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
1
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
26,130.00 kJ/mol  
12
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol  
36
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
34,230.00 kJ/mol  
10
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
37,066.00 kJ/mol  
12
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
97,510.00 kJ/mol  
2
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
105,800.00 kJ/mol  
2
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
114,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
125,300.00 kJ/mol  
4
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
134,700.00 kJ/mol  
5
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
144,300.00 kJ/mol  
7
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
157,700.00 kJ/mol  
7
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
166,090.00 kJ/mol  
6
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
653.80 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
653.80 kJ/mol  
32
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
653.80 kJ/mol  
34
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
653.80 kJ/mol  
33
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
652.90 kJ/mol  
34
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
653.80 kJ/mol  
39
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
653.80 kJ/mol  
40
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
653.80 kJ/mol  
36
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
0.32 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
4.50 eV  
19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
24  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Ar] 3d5 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
24  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
24  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
52.00 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
7.23 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
170.00 (-eV)  
4
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
291.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
7.19 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
6.30 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
689.00 MPa  
7
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
26
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
774.00 (Pa)  
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
115.00 GPa  
9
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
279.00 GPa  
8
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.21  
33
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
7.19  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Antiferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
10
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
-  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
125.00 nΩ·m  
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω  
30
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
64.30 kJ/mol  
17
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.45 J/(kg K)  
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
23.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
93.90 W/m·K  
17
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
1,907.00 K  
24
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
4.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
348.80 kJ/mol  
35
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
15.31 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
397.50 kJ/mol  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
23.80 J/mol.K  
99+
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