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Bismuth vs Chromium

Bismuth
Chromium
Chromium vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Cr   
Group Number
15   
3
6   
12
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7440473   
39
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   
Discovery
In 1753   
In Between 1797 - 1798   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~0.002 %   
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.30 %   
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.33 p.p.m.   
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
2,672.00 °C   
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
8.50   
1
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
687.00 MPa   
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Cr   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
1.66   
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
1.66   
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.56   
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.65   
19
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.34   
36
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
4.50 eV   
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
24   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
24   
99+
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
83   
33
24   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
52.00 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Vanadium
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Manganese
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
170.00 (-eV)   
4
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
291.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
7.19 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
6.30 g/cm3   
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
774.00 (Pa)   
1
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
115.00 GPa   
9
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
279.00 GPa   
8
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
0.21   
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
7.19   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
NA   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
64.30 kJ/mol   
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
348.80 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
15.31 kJ/mol   
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
397.50 kJ/mol   
21
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+
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