Bismuth Chromium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Cr
Group Number
15
3
6
12
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440473
39
Space Group Name
C12/m1
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
12.00
12
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Discovery
In 1753
In Between 1797 - 1798
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
1.5 * 10-3 %
7
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.002 %
7
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.30 %
7
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3
12
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
0.33 p.p.m.
21
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
1,857.00 °C
14
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
2,672.00 °C
39
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
8.50
1
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
687.00 MPa
16
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
1,060.00 MPa
10
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
5,940.00 m/s
5
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Cr
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.66
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
1.66
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.56
10
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.65
19
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.34
36
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
26,130.00 kJ/mol
1
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
28,750.00 kJ/mol
1
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol
1
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
37,066.00 kJ/mol
1
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
105,800.00 kJ/mol
1
7th Energy level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
1
8th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
1
9th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
1
10th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
1
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,130.00 kJ/mol
12
12th Energy Level
Not Available
28,750.00 kJ/mol
13
13th Energy Level
Not Available
34,230.00 kJ/mol
10
14th Energy Level
Not Available
37,066.00 kJ/mol
12
15th Energy Level
Not Available
97,510.00 kJ/mol
1
16th Energy Level
Not Available
105,800.00 kJ/mol
2
17th Energy Level
Not Available
114,300.00 kJ/mol
3
18th Energy Level
Not Available
125,300.00 kJ/mol
4
19th Energy Level
Not Available
134,700.00 kJ/mol
5
20th Energy Level
Not Available
144,300.00 kJ/mol
7
21st Energy Level
Not Available
157,700.00 kJ/mol
7
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
166,090.00 kJ/mol
6
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
0.32 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.50 eV
14
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
24
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
24
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
28
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
24
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
52.00 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
7.23 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
170.00 (-eV)
4
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
291.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
7.19 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
6.30 g/cm3
40
Tensile Strength
Not Available
689.00 MPa
7
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
24
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
774.00 (Pa)
1
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
115.00 GPa
9
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
279.00 GPa
8
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.21
32
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
7.19
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
NA
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
125.00 nΩ·m
27
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω
25
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
64.30 kJ/mol
15
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.45 J/(kg K)
12
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
23.35 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
93.90 W/m·K
17
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
4.90 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
348.80 kJ/mol
24
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
15.31 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
397.50 kJ/mol
21
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
23.80 J/mol.K
99+
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