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Bismuth vs Nickel

Bismuth
Nickel
Nickel vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Ni  
Group Number
15  
3
10  
8
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7440020  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Discovery
In 1753  
In 1751  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.01 %  
5
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.01 %  
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
1.30 %  
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
1,453.00 °C  
31
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
2,732.00 °C  
40
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
667.00 MPa  
20
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
638.00 MPa  
24
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
4,900.00 m/s  
16
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
1.68  
28
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
72.00 %  
11
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Ni  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
1.91  
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
1.94  
12
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.91  
12
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.88  
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.09  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
5.15 eV  
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
28  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
28  
99+
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
31  
99+
Number of Electrons
83  
33
28  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
124.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
124.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
58.69 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Cobalt
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Copper
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
352.40 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
345.00 MPa  
13
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
8
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
19.50 (Pa)  
6
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
76.00 GPa  
12
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
200.00 GPa  
12
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
8.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
2
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
600.00  
2
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
90.90 W/m·K  
18
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
1,728.00 K  
35
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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