Bismuth Nickel Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Ni
Group Number
15
3
10
8
Period Number
6
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7440020
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
12.00
12
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt
Discovery
In 1753
In 1751
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
6 * 10-3 %
4
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~0.008 %
3
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
1.30 %
3
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.01 %
15
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
14
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
- Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3
17
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
0.70 p.p.m.
18
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
1,453.00 °C
31
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
2,732.00 °C
38
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
4.00
10
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
667.00 MPa
18
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
638.00 MPa
16
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
4,900.00 m/s
12
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
72.00 %
9
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Ni
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
1.91
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
1.94
10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.88
6
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.09
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
737.10 kJ/mol
25
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,753.00 kJ/mol
25
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,395.00 kJ/mol
17
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
5,300.00 kJ/mol
15
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
7,339.00 kJ/mol
15
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,800.00 kJ/mol
10
8th Energy Level
Not Available
15,600.00 kJ/mol
10
9th Energy Level
Not Available
18,600.00 kJ/mol
10
10th Energy Level
Not Available
21,670.00 kJ/mol
14
11th Energy Level
Not Available
30,970.00 kJ/mol
7
12th Energy Level
Not Available
34,000.00 kJ/mol
7
13th Energy Level
Not Available
37,100.00 kJ/mol
7
14th Energy Level
Not Available
41,500.00 kJ/mol
8
15th Energy Level
Not Available
44,800.00 kJ/mol
10
16th Energy Level
Not Available
48,100.00 kJ/mol
12
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,101.00 kJ/mol
11
18th Energy Level
Not Available
58,570.00 kJ/mol
12
19th Energy Level
Not Available
148,700.00 kJ/mol
1
20th Energy Level
Not Available
159,000.00 kJ/mol
3
21st Energy Level
Not Available
169,400.00 kJ/mol
3
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
182,700.00 kJ/mol
2
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
194,000.00 kJ/mol
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
1.10 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
5.15 eV
2
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
28
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
28
99+
Number of Neutrons
126
18
31
99+
Number of Electrons
83
33
28
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
124.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
124.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
163.00 pm
40
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
58.69 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
6.59 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
42.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
352.40 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
8.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
7.81 g/cm3
29
Tensile Strength
Not Available
345.00 MPa
11
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
31
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
19.50 (Pa)
6
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
76.00 GPa
12
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
180.00 GPa
9
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
200.00 GPa
11
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
0.31
13
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
8.90
33
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Ferromagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
0.00 H/m
2
Susceptibility
0.00
6
600.00
2
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
69.30 nΩ·m
39
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
13
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
112.00 kJ/mol
6
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.44 J/(kg K)
13
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
26.07 J/mol·K
31
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
90.90 W/m·K
18
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
371.80 kJ/mol
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
422.60 kJ/mol
17
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
29.90 J/mol.K
99+
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