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Mercury Bismuth Comparison

Mercury
Bismuth
Bismuth Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Bi  
Group Number
12  
6
15  
3
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440699  
22
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
C12/m1  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
12.00  
15
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Claude François Geoffroy  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In 1753  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
271.30 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
1,560.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.25  
16
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
70.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
30.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
70.00 %  
13
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Bi  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.02  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
2.34  
3
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.67  
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
2.15  
8
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
2.01  
5
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.98  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
83  
33
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
83  
33
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
126  
19
Number of Electrons
80  
36
83  
33
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
156.00 pm  
31
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
148.00 pm  
38
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
207.00 pm  
33
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
208.98 amu  
29
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Lead
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Polonium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
667.40 pm  
2
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
32.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
29
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
12.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
31.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
32.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.33  
11
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
9.79  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
20
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
36
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
544.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
Summary >>
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