Bismuth Mercury Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi
Hg
Group Number
15
3
12
6
Period Number
6
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440699
22
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
12.00
12
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
- It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
In 1753
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %
25
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %
14
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Low Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.
22
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silver
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.25
15
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s
99+
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
33
6
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02
6
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34
3
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67
6
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15
4
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
2.01
4
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol
35
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol
33
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol
28
Not Available
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol
30
Not Available
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol
19
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr
19
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV
22
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83
33
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
83
33
80
36
Number of Neutrons
126
18
121
22
Number of Electrons
83
33
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm
29
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm
36
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm
26
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu
29
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol
14
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)
99+
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm
2
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
NA
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3
39
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3
18
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa
38
Not Available
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa
99+
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.33
11
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.79
30
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
6
Not Available
Susceptibility
0.00
6
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m
99+
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol
11
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K
37
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K
99+
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)
28
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol
99+
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol
33
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol
99+
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K
24
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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