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Bismuth vs Mercury

Bismuth
Mercury
Mercury vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi   
Hg   
Group Number
15   
3
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440699   
22
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
12.00   
12
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1753   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
7 * 10-8 %   
25
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000006 %   
14
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3   
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.   
22
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
271.30 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25   
15
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s   
99+
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bi   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02   
6
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34   
3
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67   
6
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15   
4
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
2.01   
4
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol   
35
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol   
33
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol   
28
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol   
30
Not Available   
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol   
19
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr   
19
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV   
22
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
83   
33
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83   
33
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
126   
18
121   
22
Number of Electrons
83   
33
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm   
29
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm   
36
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm   
26
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu   
29
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol   
14
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm   
2
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
NA   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3   
39
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3   
18
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa   
38
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.33   
11
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79   
30
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
6
Not Available   
Susceptibility
0.00   
6
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m   
99+
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol   
11
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K   
37
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K   
99+
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)   
28
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol   
33
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K   
24
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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