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Bismuth vs Mercury

Bismuth
Mercury
Mercury vs Bismuth


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bi  
Hg  
Group Number
15  
3
12  
6
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440699  
22
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
C12/m1  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
12.00  
15
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Bismuth metal is soluble and reacts with concentrated nitric acid.
  • It oxides are used as a yellow pigment in paint. Bismuth chloride oxide BiClO gives a pearly texture to cosmetics.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Claude François Geoffroy  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1753  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
26
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
14
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin and bismuth alloys have a very low melting point and hence it is used in fire detector and the fire extinguishers. It also used in electric solders and fuses.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.02 Blood/mg dm-3  
20
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.20 p.p.m.  
27
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
271.30 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,560.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.25  
16
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,790.00 m/s  
99+
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.50  
5
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
70.00 %  
13
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bi  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.02  
7
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.34  
3
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.67  
7
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.15  
8
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
2.01  
5
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.98  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,610.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,466.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
4,370.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
8,520.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
38
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
28
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
70,300.00 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
28
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
703.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.60 g/amp-hr  
23
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.22 eV  
29
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
83  
33
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Bismuth.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
83  
33
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
126  
19
121  
23
Number of Electrons
83  
33
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
156.00 pm  
31
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
148.00 pm  
38
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
207.00 pm  
33
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
208.98 amu  
29
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
21.30 cm3/mol  
23
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Lead
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Polonium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
41.90 (-eV)  
99+
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
667.40 pm  
2
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.78 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.05 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
32.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
12.00 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
31.00 GPa  
99+
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
32.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.79  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
20
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
36
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.29 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
91.20 kJ/mol  
13
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
25.52 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
7.97 W/m·K  
99+
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
544.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
151.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
10.90 kJ/mol  
39
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
207.10 kJ/mol  
99+
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
56.70 J/mol.K  
32
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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