Tin Mercury Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Hg
Group Number
14
4
12
6
Period Number
5
6
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7439976
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd
R_ 3m
Space Group Number
141.00
7
166.00
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
Before 2000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.05 %
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
Not Available
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
Not Available
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
0.45 p.p.m.
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
Not Available
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
356.58 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
1,451.40 m/s
99+
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
3
Reflectivity
Not Available
73.00 %
8
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Hg
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
2.00
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.44
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.81
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.44
30
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
Not Available
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.49 eV
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
80
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
80
36
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
121
22
Number of Electrons
50
99+
80
36
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
155.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
200.59 amu
32
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
14.82 cm3/mol
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
28.20 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
300.50 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
13.53 g/cm3
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
0.00
1
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
Not Available
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
13.53
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
961.00 nΩ·m
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
27.98 J/mol·K
13
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
8.30 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
1,750.00 K
6
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
75.80 J/mol.K
6
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