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Tin Mercury Comparison

Tin
Mercury
Mercury Tin comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Hg  
Group Number
14  
4
12  
6
Period Number
5  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
Summary >>
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