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Mercury vs Copper

Mercury
Copper
Copper vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Cu   
Group Number
12   
6
11   
7
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Unknown   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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