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Mercury vs Copper

Mercury
Copper
Copper vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Cu  
Group Number
12  
6
11  
7
Period Number
6  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
-  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Copper  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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