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Copper vs Mercury

Copper
Mercury
Mercury vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Hg  
Group Number
11  
7
12  
6
Period Number
4  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Copper  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
121  
23
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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