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Copper vs Zinc

Copper
Zinc
Zinc vs Copper


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu  
Zn  
Group Number
11  
7
12  
6
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440508  
37
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
13
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %  
13
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
17
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
8
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C  
40
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C  
99+
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Copper  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa  
99+
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa  
99+
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s  
26
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.10  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
90.00 %  
4
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cu  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
29  
10
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98  
11
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49  
27
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
12
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10  
99+
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV  
16
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
29  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
29  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
29  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm  
99+
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu  
99+
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nickel
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Zinc
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm  
39
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.28  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
210.00 MPa  
19
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)  
8
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa  
15
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa  
12
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa  
19
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.34  
10
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.89  
99+
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
19
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
31
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K  
2
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
1,358.00 K  
99+
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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