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Zinc vs Copper

Zinc
Copper
Copper vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn   
Cu   
Group Number
12   
6
11   
7
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
d block   
d block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440666   
24
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists   
Unknown   
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %   
11
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %   
10
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %   
12
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %   
16
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
10
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
6
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
907.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery Gray   
Copper   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa   
32
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s   
18
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
2
Not Available   
Reflectivity
80.00 %   
5
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25   
14
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65   
19
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23   
6
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66   
7
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65   
11
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.59   
22
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35   
35
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV   
17
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30   
99+
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30   
99+
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
35   
99+
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
30   
99+
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm   
99+
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu   
99+
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3   
37
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa   
19
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa   
19
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
0.25   
24
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90   
99+
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K   
14
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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