Copper vs Manganese
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cu
Mn
Group Number
11
7
7
11
Period Number
4
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440508
37
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Found in Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-6 %
12
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.00007 %
12
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.01 %
13
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %
17
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
8
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
9
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
26.00 p.p.m.
12
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,084.62 °C
40
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
2,562.00 °C
99+
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Copper
Silver
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
235.00 MPa
38
196.00 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
343.00 MPa
28
Not Available
Speed of Sound
3,810.00 m/s
19
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
90.00 %
3
Not Available
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cu
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29
10
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90
11
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.98
9
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75
3
1.60
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.49
14
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.85
9
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.10
99+
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
745.50 kJ/mol
22
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.65 eV
11
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
29
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
29
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
35
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
29
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
128.00 pm
99+
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
140.00 pm
99+
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
63.55 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
34.00 (-eV)
99+
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
361.49 pm
35
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
8.96 g/cm3
99+
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.02 g/cm3
27
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.53 (Pa)
8
0.00 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
48.00 GPa
15
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
140.00 GPa
12
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
120.00 GPa
17
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.34
10
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
8.89
34
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Permeability
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Not Available
Susceptibility
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
222.80 kJ/mol
1
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
401.00 W/m·K
2
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
283.70 kJ/mol
33
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
338.90 kJ/mol
29
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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