Mercury Copper Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Cu
Group Number
12
6
11
7
Period Number
6
4
Block
d block
d block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440508
37
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
166.00
6
225.00
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
- Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Unknown
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In Middle East (9000 BCE)
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
6 * 10-6 %
12
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00007 %
12
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.01 %
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.01 %
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- It is use for coinage and bullion.
- Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3
8
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
26.00 p.p.m.
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
1,084.62 °C
40
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
2,562.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Copper
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
3.00
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
235.00 MPa
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
343.00 MPa
28
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
3,810.00 m/s
19
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
90.00 %
3
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Cu
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.90
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.75
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
1.49
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.85
9
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.10
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
745.50 kJ/mol
22
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,957.90 kJ/mol
15
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
3,555.00 kJ/mol
15
4th Energy Level
Not Available
5,536.00 kJ/mol
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,700.00 kJ/mol
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,900.00 kJ/mol
10
7th Energy level
Not Available
13,400.00 kJ/mol
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,000.00 kJ/mol
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,200.00 kJ/mol
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,400.00 kJ/mol
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available
25,600.00 kJ/mol
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available
35,600.00 kJ/mol
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available
38,700.00 kJ/mol
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available
42,000.00 kJ/mol
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available
46,700.00 kJ/mol
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available
50,200.00 kJ/mol
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available
53,700.00 kJ/mol
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available
61,100.00 kJ/mol
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available
64,702.00 kJ/mol
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available
163,700.00 kJ/mol
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available
174,100.00 kJ/mol
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
184,900.00 kJ/mol
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
198,800.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.19 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
4.65 eV
11
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
29
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
29
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
35
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
29
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
128.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
132.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
63.55 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
7.10 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
34.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
361.49 pm
35
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
8.96 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
8.02 g/cm3
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
1.53 (Pa)
8
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
48.00 GPa
15
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
140.00 GPa
12
Young's Modulus
Not Available
120.00 GPa
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.34
10
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
8.89
34
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Permeability
Not Available
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m
5
Susceptibility
Not Available
-9.63 * 10-6
4
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
16.78 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.60 106/cm Ω
2
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
222.80 kJ/mol
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.38 J/(kg K)
15
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
24.44 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
401.00 W/m·K
2
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
16.50 µm/(m·K)
25
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
283.70 kJ/mol
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
7.11 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
338.90 kJ/mol
29
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
33.20 J/mol.K
99+
|
||
|
||
|
