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Mercury Tin Comparison

Mercury
Tin
Tin Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Sn   
Group Number
12   
6
14   
4
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Unknown   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
80   
36
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
Summary >>
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