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Mercury Tin Comparison

Mercury
Tin
Tin Mercury comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg  
Sn  
Group Number
12  
6
14  
4
Period Number
6  
5  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7439976  
99+
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
-  
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.09 %  
2
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %  
9
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
-38.83 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
5.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
0.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
10
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Hg  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34  
5
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
18
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81  
17
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.44  
34
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV  
20
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
80  
36
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80  
36
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
121  
23
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
80  
36
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm  
34
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm  
99+
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu  
32
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.42  
99+
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3  
25
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.55 g/cm3  
27
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
4
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
25.00 GPa  
99+
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
45.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53  
27
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
20
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K  
33
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
Summary >>
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