Mercury vs Tin
Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg
Sn
Group Number
12
6
14
4
Period Number
6
5
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7439976
99+
7440315
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
I41/amd
Space Group Number
166.00
6
141.00
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Unknown
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
Before 3500 BC
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
4 * 10-7 %
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.0000009 %
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %
9
0.00 %
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Dentistry
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
23
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.
19
1.40 p.p.m.
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available
231.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C
99+
2,270.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Luster
NA
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
50.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s
99+
2,730.00 m/s
32
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.00
3
Not Available
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
β Allotropes
Not Available
White Tin (Beta Tin)
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg
Sn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
34
5
35
4
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00
7
1.96
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20
7
1.49
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.72
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81
9
2.21
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.44
30
1.82
11
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00
99+
2.04
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol
4
708.60 kJ/mol
33
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol
20
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol
20
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
4th Energy Level
Not Available
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr
10
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV
15
4.42 eV
16
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80
36
50
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Tetragonal (TETR)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
80
36
50
99+
Number of Neutrons
121
22
69
99+
Number of Electrons
80
36
50
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm
32
140.00 pm
38
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm
99+
217.00 pm
23
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu
32
118.71 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol
35
16.30 cm3/mol
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)
99+
83.50 (-eV)
14
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm
99+
583.18 pm
7
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3
24
7.37 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
6.99 g/cm3
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
0.00
1
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
0.00 (Pa)
17
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
18.00 GPa
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
58.00 GPa
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.36
8
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
13.53
16
7.31
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Superconductor
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m
1
115.00 nΩ·m
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol
40
107.30 kJ/mol
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)
38
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K
13
27.11 J/mol·K
20
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K
99+
66.80 W/m·K
25
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K
6
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)
5
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol
99+
290.40 kJ/mol
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol
99+
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol
99+
301.30 kJ/mol
35
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K
6
51.20 J/mol.K
29
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