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Tin vs Zinc

Tin
Zinc
Zinc vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Zn  
Group Number
14  
4
12  
6
Period Number
5  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440666  
24
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Indian metallurgists  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
Before 1000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.01 %  
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
7
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
419.58 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
907.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silvery Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
327.00 MPa  
39
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
207.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
3,850.00 m/s  
25
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
80.00 %  
7
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Zn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.65  
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
2.23  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.66  
8
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.65  
20
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.35  
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
28
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
20
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
15
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
33
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
906.00 kJ/mol  
9
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
906.40 kJ/mol  
37
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
906.40 kJ/mol  
5
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
906.40 kJ/mol  
3
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
906.40 kJ/mol  
7
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
906.40 kJ/mol  
4
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.33 eV  
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
30  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
30  
99+
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
30  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
139.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
65.38 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
266.49 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.86  
4
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
6.57 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
7
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
18
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
70.00 GPa  
20
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
108.00 GPa  
21
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
6.90  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
6
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
25.47 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
116.00 W/m·K  
14
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
692.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
41.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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