Tin vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn
Zn
Group Number
14
4
12
6
Period Number
5
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440315
99+
7440666
24
Space Group Name
I41/amd
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
141.00
7
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
- Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Unknown
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
Before 3500 BC
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %
20
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
24
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
34
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
26
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %
13
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
- Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3
10
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.
16
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s
32
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
Yes
No
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)
Not Available
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96
8
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49
15
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72
4
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21
3
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.82
11
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04
99+
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol
33
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol
30
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol
99+
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol
13
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV
16
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
50
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
69
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
50
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm
38
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm
23
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol
32
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)
14
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm
7
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3
34
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
17
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa
36
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa
20
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa
36
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.36
8
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
7.31
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Superconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m
28
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω
23
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol
8
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)
28
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K
20
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K
25
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)
20
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol
32
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol
35
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K
29
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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