Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
Space Group Name
R_ 3m
Cmca
Interesting Facts
- At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
- A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
- Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE
In 1875
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
- It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry
Alloys
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
Melting Point
Not Available
Physical State
Liquid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Refractive Index
Not Available
Reflectivity
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Critical Temperature
Not Available