Gallium vs Zinc
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Zn
Group Number
13
5
12
6
Period Number
4
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7440666
24
Space Group Name
Cmca
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
64.00
9
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
- The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Indian metallurgists
Discovery
In 1875
Before 1000 BCE
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
3 * 10-5 %
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.0002 %
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.01 %
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
10
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
- It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3
6
In Bone
Not Available
170.00 p.p.m.
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
419.58 °C
99+
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
907.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Gray
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
2.50
14
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
327.00 MPa
32
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
3,850.00 m/s
18
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
Not Available
1.00
2
Reflectivity
Not Available
80.00 %
5
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Zn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
25
14
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.65
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
2.23
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.66
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
1.65
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.59
22
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.35
35
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
906.40 kJ/mol
6
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,733.30 kJ/mol
27
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
3,833.00 kJ/mol
12
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
5,731.00 kJ/mol
11
5th Energy Level
Not Available
7,970.00 kJ/mol
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available
10,400.00 kJ/mol
9
7th Energy level
Not Available
12,900.00 kJ/mol
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,800.00 kJ/mol
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,600.00 kJ/mol
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,000.00 kJ/mol
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available
26,400.00 kJ/mol
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,990.00 kJ/mol
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available
40,490.00 kJ/mol
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available
43,800.00 kJ/mol
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available
47,300.00 kJ/mol
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available
52,300.00 kJ/mol
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available
55,900.00 kJ/mol
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available
59,700.00 kJ/mol
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available
67,300.00 kJ/mol
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available
171,200.00 kJ/mol
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available
179,100.00 kJ/mol
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
1.22 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
4.33 eV
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
30
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
30
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
35
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
30
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
139.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
65.38 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
9.20 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
38.90 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
266.49 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
7.14 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
6.57 g/cm3
37
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
43.00 GPa
18
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
70.00 GPa
19
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
108.00 GPa
19
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
0.25
24
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
6.90
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
59.00 nΩ·m
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.17 106/cm Ω
12
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.39 J/(kg K)
14
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
25.47 J/mol·K
39
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
116.00 W/m·K
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
30.20 µm/(m·K)
11
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
7.32 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
129.70 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
41.60 J/mol.K
36
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