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Zinc vs Gallium

Zinc
Gallium
Gallium vs Zinc


Periodic Table
Symbol
Zn  
Ga  
Group Number
12  
6
13  
5
Period Number
4  
4  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440666  
24
7440553  
32
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Cmca  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
64.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Indian metallurgists  
Lecoq de Boisbaudran  
Discovery
Before 1000 BCE  
In 1875  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
3 * 10-5 %  
11
1 * 10-6 %  
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.0002 %  
10
~0.000004 %  
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.02 %  
12
0.00 %  
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
16
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
10
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
6
Not Available  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
6
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3  
13
In Bone
170.00 p.p.m.  
6
Not Available  
Physical Properties
Melting Point
419.58 °C  
99+
29.78 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
907.00 °C  
99+
2,403.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery Gray  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
14
1.50  
18
Brinell Hardness
327.00 MPa  
32
56.80 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,850.00 m/s  
18
2,740.00 m/s  
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00  
2
Not Available  
Reflectivity
80.00 %  
5
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Zn  
Ga  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
24  
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.65  
19
1.81  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.23  
6
2.42  
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.66  
7
1.82  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.65  
11
2.01  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.59  
22
1.76  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.35  
35
2.19  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
906.40 kJ/mol  
6
578.80 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,733.30 kJ/mol  
27
1,979.30 kJ/mol  
13
3rd Energy Level
3,833.00 kJ/mol  
12
2,963.00 kJ/mol  
28
4th Energy Level
5,731.00 kJ/mol  
11
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
7,970.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
7th Energy level
12,900.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
8th Energy Level
16,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
9th Energy Level
19,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
10th Energy Level
23,000.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
11th Energy Level
26,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
12th Energy Level
29,990.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
13th Energy Level
40,490.00 kJ/mol  
5
Not Available  
14th Energy Level
43,800.00 kJ/mol  
6
Not Available  
15th Energy Level
47,300.00 kJ/mol  
8
Not Available  
16th Energy Level
52,300.00 kJ/mol  
9
Not Available  
17th Energy Level
55,900.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
18th Energy Level
59,700.00 kJ/mol  
11
Not Available  
19th Energy Level
67,300.00 kJ/mol  
10
Not Available  
20th Energy Level
171,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
21st Energy Level
179,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.22 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.87 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.33 eV  
17
4.20 eV  
23
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
30  
99+
31  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Crystal Lattice
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100  
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
30  
99+
31  
99+
Number of Neutrons
35  
99+
39  
99+
Number of Electrons
30  
99+
31  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
135.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
122.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
187.00 pm  
32
Atomic Weight
65.38 amu  
99+
69.72 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
9.20 cm3/mol  
99+
11.80 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Copper
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Gallium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
38.90 (-eV)  
99+
69.70 (-eV)  
19
Lattice Constant
266.49 pm  
99+
451.97 pm  
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.14 g/cm3  
99+
5.91 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.57 g/cm3  
37
6.10 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available  
0.00 (Pa)  
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
70.00 GPa  
19
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
108.00 GPa  
19
9.80 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.25  
24
0.47  
1
Other Mechanical Properties
NA  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
6.90  
99+
5.91  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
59.00 nΩ·m  
40
270.00 nΩ·m  
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.17 106/cm Ω  
12
0.07 106/cm Ω  
29
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
28.90 kJ/mol  
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.39 J/(kg K)  
14
0.37 J/(kg K)  
16
Molar Heat Capacity
25.47 J/mol·K  
39
25.86 J/mol·K  
35
Thermal Conductivity
116.00 W/m·K  
14
40.60 W/m·K  
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
30.20 µm/(m·K)  
11
18.00 µm/(m·K)  
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
256.10 kJ/mol  
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.32 kJ/mol  
99+
5.59 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
129.70 kJ/mol  
99+
276.10 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
40.80 J/mol.K  
38
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