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Gallium vs Manganese

Gallium
Manganese
Manganese vs Gallium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga   
Mn   
Group Number
13   
5
7   
11
Period Number
4   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440553   
32
7439965   
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca   
I_ 43m   
Space Group Number
64.00   
9
217.00   
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Johann Gottlieb Gahn   
Discovery
In 1875   
In 1774   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
8 * 10-4 %   
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %   
16
~0.001 %   
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
16
0.27 %   
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
24
0.11 %   
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
14
In Bone
Not Available   
100.00 p.p.m.   
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C   
99+
1,245.00 °C   
37
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C   
99+
1,962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa   
99+
196.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s   
31
5,150.00 m/s   
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga   
Mn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
24   
15
21   
18
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81   
15
1.55   
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42   
2
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82   
1
1.60   
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01   
5
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.76   
14
1.75   
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19   
39
2.45   
29
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
717.30 kJ/mol   
30
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
1,509.00 kJ/mol   
39
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
3,248.00 kJ/mol   
21
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
4,940.00 kJ/mol   
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,990.00 kJ/mol   
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,220.00 kJ/mol   
16
7th Energy level
Not Available   
11,500.00 kJ/mol   
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
18,770.00 kJ/mol   
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
21,400.00 kJ/mol   
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,960.00 kJ/mol   
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
27,590.00 kJ/mol   
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
30,330.00 kJ/mol   
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
33,150.00 kJ/mol   
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,880.00 kJ/mol   
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
41,987.00 kJ/mol   
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
109,480.00 kJ/mol   
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
118,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
127,100.00 kJ/mol   
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
138,600.00 kJ/mol   
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
148,500.00 kJ/mol   
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
158,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
172,500.00 kJ/mol   
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
181,380.00 kJ/mol   
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV   
23
4.10 eV   
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31   
99+
25   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
[Ar] 3d5 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
31   
99+
25   
99+
Number of Neutrons
39   
99+
30   
99+
Number of Electrons
31   
99+
25   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm   
99+
127.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm   
99+
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm   
32
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu   
99+
54.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
1.39 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Zinc
  
Chromium
  
Next Element
Rubidium
  
Iron
  
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)   
19
220.00 (-eV)   
2
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm   
18
891.25 pm   
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
7.21 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
5.95 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
15
0.00 (Pa)   
12
Elasticity properties
  
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
120.00 GPa   
14
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa   
99+
198.00 GPa   
12
Poisson Ratio
0.47   
1
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.91   
99+
7.21   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Semiconductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
1.44 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
0.48 J/(kg K)   
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
26.32 J/mol·K   
29
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K   
34
7.81 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
21.70 µm/(m·K)   
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
219.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
14.64 kJ/mol   
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
280.30 kJ/mol   
38
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
32.00 J/mol.K   
99+
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