Gallium Manganese Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Ga
Mn
Group Number
13
5
7
11
Period Number
4
4
Block
p block
d block
Element Family
Post-Transition
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440553
32
7439965
99+
Space Group Name
Cmca
I_ 43m
Space Group Number
64.00
9
217.00
4
Facts
Interesting Facts
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
- Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
- Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Discovery
In 1875
In 1774
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %
16
8 * 10-4 %
8
Abundance In Sun
~0.000004 %
16
~0.001 %
8
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
16
0.27 %
8
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
24
0.11 %
8
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
22
0.00 %
13
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
- This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
- Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
14
In Bone
Not Available
100.00 p.p.m.
8
Physical Properties
Melting Point
29.78 °C
99+
1,245.00 °C
37
Boiling Point
2,403.00 °C
99+
1,962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
1.50
18
6.00
6
Brinell Hardness
56.80 MPa
99+
196.00 MPa
99+
Speed of Sound
2,740.00 m/s
31
5,150.00 m/s
7
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ga
Mn
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
24
15
21
18
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.81
15
1.55
25
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.42
2
2.20
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.82
1
1.60
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.01
5
Not Available
Allen Electronegativity
1.76
14
1.75
15
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.19
39
2.45
29
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
717.30 kJ/mol
30
2nd Energy Level
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
1,509.00 kJ/mol
39
3rd Energy Level
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
3,248.00 kJ/mol
21
4th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
4,940.00 kJ/mol
20
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,990.00 kJ/mol
17
6th Energy Level
Not Available
9,220.00 kJ/mol
16
7th Energy level
Not Available
11,500.00 kJ/mol
16
8th Energy Level
Not Available
18,770.00 kJ/mol
5
9th Energy Level
Not Available
21,400.00 kJ/mol
6
10th Energy Level
Not Available
23,960.00 kJ/mol
9
11th Energy Level
Not Available
27,590.00 kJ/mol
10
12th Energy Level
Not Available
30,330.00 kJ/mol
10
13th Energy Level
Not Available
33,150.00 kJ/mol
11
14th Energy Level
Not Available
38,880.00 kJ/mol
10
15th Energy Level
Not Available
41,987.00 kJ/mol
13
16th Energy Level
Not Available
109,480.00 kJ/mol
1
17th Energy Level
Not Available
118,100.00 kJ/mol
2
18th Energy Level
Not Available
127,100.00 kJ/mol
3
19th Energy Level
Not Available
138,600.00 kJ/mol
4
20th Energy Level
Not Available
148,500.00 kJ/mol
6
21st Energy Level
Not Available
158,600.00 kJ/mol
6
22nd Energy Level
Not Available
172,500.00 kJ/mol
5
23rd Energy Level
Not Available
181,380.00 kJ/mol
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
0.29 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
4.20 eV
23
4.10 eV
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
31
99+
25
99+
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
31
99+
25
99+
Number of Neutrons
39
99+
30
99+
Number of Electrons
31
99+
25
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
135.00 pm
99+
127.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm
99+
139.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
187.00 pm
32
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
69.72 amu
99+
54.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
1.39 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
69.70 (-eV)
19
220.00 (-eV)
2
Lattice Constant
451.97 pm
18
891.25 pm
1
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.91 g/cm3
99+
7.21 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.10 g/cm3
99+
5.95 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)
15
0.00 (Pa)
12
Elasticity properties
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
120.00 GPa
14
Young's Modulus
9.80 GPa
99+
198.00 GPa
12
Poisson Ratio
0.47
1
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.91
99+
7.21
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Semiconductor
Conductor
Resistivity
270.00 nΩ·m
15
1.44 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
28.90 kJ/mol
31
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
0.48 J/(kg K)
11
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.32 J/mol·K
29
Thermal Conductivity
40.60 W/m·K
34
7.81 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
21.70 µm/(m·K)
21
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
256.10 kJ/mol
36
219.70 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
14.64 kJ/mol
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
276.10 kJ/mol
39
280.30 kJ/mol
38
Standard Molar Entropy
40.80 J/mol.K
38
32.00 J/mol.K
99+
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