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Mercury vs Lead

Mercury
Lead
Lead vs Mercury


Periodic Table
Symbol
Hg   
Pb   
Group Number
12   
6
14   
4
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7439976   
99+
7439921   
99+
Space Group Name
R_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
166.00   
6
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Unknown   
Discovery
Before 2000 BCE   
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.000001 %   
18
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
23
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.05 %   
9
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
22
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
Industrial Uses
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Highly Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
In Bone
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Physical Properties
Melting Point
Not Available   
327.50 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
356.58 °C   
99+
1,740.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Liquid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Gray   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
38.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.00   
3
Not Available   
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Hg   
Pb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
34   
5
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00   
7
1.87   
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20   
7
2.29   
4
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.55   
11
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.81   
9
2.41   
2
Allen Electronegativity
1.44   
30
1.85   
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00   
99+
1.67   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
2nd Energy Level
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
Electron Work Function
4.49 eV   
15
4.25 eV   
21
Other Chemical Properties
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
80   
36
82   
34
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
Crystal Structure
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
80   
36
82   
34
Number of Neutrons
121   
22
125   
19
Number of Electrons
80   
36
82   
34
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
151.00 pm   
32
175.00 pm   
19
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm   
99+
146.00 pm   
38
Van der Waals Radius
155.00 pm   
99+
202.00 pm   
27
Atomic Weight
200.59 amu   
32
207.20 amu   
30
Atomic Volume
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Gold
  
Thallium
  
Next Element
Thallium
  
Bismuth
  
Valence Electron Potential
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
300.50 pm   
99+
495.08 pm   
16
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
13.53 g/cm3   
24
11.34 g/cm3   
33
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
12.00 MPa   
20
Viscosity
0.00   
1
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
5.60 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
46.00 GPa   
24
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
16.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.44   
3
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
13.53   
16
11.35   
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Poor Conductor   
Resistivity
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
Thermal Conductivity
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
35.30 W/m·K   
38
Critical Temperature
1,750.00 K   
6
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
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