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Lead vs Platinum

Lead
Platinum
Platinum vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Pt   
Group Number
14   
4
10   
8
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440064   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Antonio de Ulloa   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
In 1735   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.00 %   
25
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
Not Available   
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
1,772.00 °C   
16
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
3,827.00 °C   
15
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery White   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
3.50   
11
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
300.00 MPa   
34
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
400.00 MPa   
25
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Pt   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
2.28   
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.72   
16
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
Not Available   
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
5.65 eV   
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
78   
38
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
78   
38
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
117   
24
Number of Electrons
82   
34
78   
38
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
139.00 pm   
39
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
136.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
175.00 pm   
36
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
47.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Iridium
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Gold
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
392.42 pm   
24
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
21.45 g/cm3   
11
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
19.77 g/cm3   
2
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
125.00 MPa   
14
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
61.00 GPa   
14
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
230.00 GPa   
6
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
168.00 GPa   
14
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.38   
6
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
21.45   
4
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
0.00 H/m   
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
71.60 W/m·K   
24
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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