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Platinum vs Polonium

Platinum
Polonium
Polonium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt   
Po   
Group Number
10   
8
16   
2
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
d block   
p block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440064   
99+
7440086   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
Pm-3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
221.00   
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa   
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie   
Discovery
In 1735   
In 1898   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %   
19
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
25
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
Not Available   
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C   
16
254.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C   
15
962.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50   
11
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa   
25
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s   
29
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
α-polonium   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
β-polonium   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt   
Po   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28   
3
2.00   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44   
17
1.76   
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.48   
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.72   
16
2.19   
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol   
10
812.10 kJ/mol   
14
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol   
21
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr   
35
3.90 g/amp-hr   
8
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV   
1
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78   
38
84   
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Monoclinic (MON)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100   
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78   
38
84   
32
Number of Neutrons
117   
24
125   
19
Number of Electrons
78   
38
84   
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
168.00 pm   
23
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm   
99+
140.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm   
36
197.00 pm   
29
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu   
99+
209.00 amu   
28
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol   
99+
22.23 cm3/mol   
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)   
1
Not Available   
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm   
24
335.90 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3   
11
9.20 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3   
2
9.40 g/cm3   
19
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa   
14
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)   
18
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa   
14
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa   
6
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa   
14
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.38   
6
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45   
4
9.32   
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Nonmagnetic   
Permeability
0.00 H/m   
3
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m   
30
0.40 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω   
21
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol   
2
183.30 kJ/mol   
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.12 J/(kg K)   
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
26.40 J/mol·K   
28
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K   
24
20.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)   
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)   
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol   
11
60.30 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol   
12
13.00 kJ/mol   
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol   
11
134.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
Not Available   
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