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Platinum vs Polonium

Platinum
Polonium
Polonium vs Platinum


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt  
Po  
Group Number
10  
8
16  
2
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
d block  
p block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440064  
99+
7440086  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
Pm-3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
2
221.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
  • Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
  
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa  
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie  
Discovery
In 1735  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %  
19
Not Available  
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %  
19
~-9999 %  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
25
Not Available  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
Not Available  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available  
0.00 %  
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
  • Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
  
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
NA  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
Not Available  
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
Not Available  
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C  
16
254.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C  
15
962.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.50  
11
Not Available  
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa  
34
Not Available  
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
25
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s  
29
Not Available  
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
73.00 %  
8
Not Available  
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
α-polonium  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
β-polonium  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt  
Po  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28  
3
2.00  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44  
17
1.76  
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.48  
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.72  
16
2.19  
2
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
812.10 kJ/mol  
14
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol  
21
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr  
35
3.90 g/amp-hr  
8
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV  
1
Not Available  
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78  
38
84  
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Monoclinic (MON)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100  
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
78  
38
84  
32
Number of Neutrons
117  
24
125  
19
Number of Electrons
78  
38
84  
32
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
39
168.00 pm  
23
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm  
99+
140.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm  
36
197.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu  
99+
209.00 amu  
28
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol  
99+
22.23 cm3/mol  
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Iridium
  
Bismuth
  
Next Element
Gold
  
Francium
  
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)  
1
Not Available  
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm  
24
335.90 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3  
11
9.20 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3  
2
9.40 g/cm3  
19
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
14
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
Not Available  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)  
18
Not Available  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa  
14
Not Available  
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa  
6
Not Available  
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa  
14
Not Available  
Poisson Ratio
0.38  
6
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
21.45  
4
9.32  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
3
Not Available  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m  
30
0.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
21
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol  
2
183.30 kJ/mol  
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
39
0.12 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K  
35
26.40 J/mol·K  
28
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K  
24
20.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
Not Available  
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)  
16
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol  
11
60.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol  
12
13.00 kJ/mol  
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol  
11
134.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K  
36
Not Available  
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