Platinum vs Polonium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Pt
Po
Group Number
10
8
16
2
Period Number
6
6
Block
d block
p block
Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440064
99+
7440086
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
225.00
2
221.00
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Platinum is the rarest metal from the Precious metal categories..
- Commercially Platinum is produced as a byproduct in ores of nickel.
- Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
- Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
- Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Antonio de Ulloa
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1735
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-7 %
19
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %
19
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
25
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
99+
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Platinum metal is mainly used in jewellery.
- Platinum is used as an industrial catalyst in production of nitric acid, silicone and benzene.
- Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
- A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
No
In Blood
Not Available
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
In Bone
Not Available
0.00 p.p.m.
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
1,772.00 °C
16
254.00 °C
99+
Boiling Point
3,827.00 °C
15
962.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silver
Luster
Metallic
NA
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.50
11
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
300.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa
25
Not Available
Speed of Sound
2,800.00 m/s
29
Not Available
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
73.00 %
8
Not Available
Allotropes
No
Yes
α Allotropes
Not Available
α-polonium
β Allotropes
Not Available
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pt
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
35
4
29
10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.28
3
2.00
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.44
17
1.76
2
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.48
1
Allen Electronegativity
1.72
16
2.19
2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
1.72
99+
2.00
99+
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol
10
812.10 kJ/mol
14
2nd Energy Level
1,791.00 kJ/mol
21
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.82 g/amp-hr
35
3.90 g/amp-hr
8
Electron Work Function
5.65 eV
1
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
78
38
84
32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Platinum.jpg#100
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
78
38
84
32
Number of Neutrons
117
24
125
19
Number of Electrons
78
38
84
32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm
39
168.00 pm
23
Covalent Radius
136.00 pm
99+
140.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
175.00 pm
36
197.00 pm
29
Atomic Weight
47.87 amu
99+
209.00 amu
28
Atomic Volume
9.09 cm3/mol
99+
22.23 cm3/mol
13
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
392.42 (-eV)
1
Not Available
Lattice Constant
392.42 pm
24
335.90 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
21.45 g/cm3
11
9.20 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
19.77 g/cm3
2
9.40 g/cm3
19
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa
14
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.07 (Pa)
18
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
61.00 GPa
14
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
230.00 GPa
6
Not Available
Young's Modulus
168.00 GPa
14
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
0.38
6
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
21.45
4
9.32
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Nonmagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m
3
Not Available
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
105.00 nΩ·m
30
0.40 nΩ·m
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω
21
0.02 106/cm Ω
99+
Electron Affinity
205.30 kJ/mol
2
183.30 kJ/mol
3
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)
39
0.12 J/(kg K)
40
Molar Heat Capacity
25.86 J/mol·K
35
26.40 J/mol·K
28
Thermal Conductivity
71.60 W/m·K
24
20.00 W/m·K
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
8.80 µm/(m·K)
99+
23.50 µm/(m·K)
16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
510.50 kJ/mol
11
60.30 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
19.70 kJ/mol
12
13.00 kJ/mol
26
Enthalpy of Atomization
565.00 kJ/mol
11
134.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.K
36
Not Available
|
||
|
||
|
