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Lead vs Zinc

Lead
Zinc
Zinc vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Zn   
Group Number
14   
4
12   
6
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7440666   
24
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • The leading producers of Zinc metal are Australia, Canada, China, U.S.A and Peru.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Indian metallurgists   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Before 1000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
3 * 10-5 %   
11
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~0.0002 %   
10
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.01 %   
16
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
0.00 %   
10
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
0.00 %   
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It is mainly used for Galvanizing other metals.
  • It is also used for manufacturing die-casting and it is very essential for automobile industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
7.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
6
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
170.00 p.p.m.   
6
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
419.58 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
907.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Gray   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
327.00 MPa   
32
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
3,850.00 m/s   
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
2
Reflectivity
Not Available   
80.00 %   
5
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Zn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
25   
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
1.65   
19
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
2.23   
6
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.66   
7
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
1.65   
11
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.59   
22
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.35   
35
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
906.40 kJ/mol   
6
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,733.30 kJ/mol   
27
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
3,833.00 kJ/mol   
12
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
5,731.00 kJ/mol   
11
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
7,970.00 kJ/mol   
9
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
10,400.00 kJ/mol   
9
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,900.00 kJ/mol   
9
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,600.00 kJ/mol   
8
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
23,000.00 kJ/mol   
10
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,990.00 kJ/mol   
11
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
40,490.00 kJ/mol   
5
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
43,800.00 kJ/mol   
6
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
47,300.00 kJ/mol   
8
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
52,300.00 kJ/mol   
9
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
55,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
59,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
67,300.00 kJ/mol   
10
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
171,200.00 kJ/mol   
1
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
179,100.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
1.22 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.33 eV   
17
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
30   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Zinc.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
30   
99+
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
82   
34
30   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
139.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
65.38 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
9.20 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Copper
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Gallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
38.90 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
266.49 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
7.14 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
6.57 g/cm3   
37
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
43.00 GPa   
18
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
70.00 GPa   
19
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
108.00 GPa   
19
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
0.25   
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
6.90   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
59.00 nΩ·m   
40
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.17 106/cm Ω   
12
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.39 J/(kg K)   
14
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
25.47 J/mol·K   
39
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
116.00 W/m·K   
14
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
30.20 µm/(m·K)   
11
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
7.32 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
129.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
41.60 J/mol.K   
36
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