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Lead vs Mercury

Lead
Mercury
Mercury vs Lead


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb   
Hg   
Group Number
14   
4
12   
6
Period Number
6   
6   
Block
p block   
d block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7439921   
99+
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.000001 %   
18
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
23
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
26
0.05 %   
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
22
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
8
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3   
11
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.   
10
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
327.50 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Gray   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
Not Available   
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s   
99+
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pb   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87   
13
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29   
4
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55   
11
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41   
2
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
1.85   
8
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67   
99+
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol   
31
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol   
23
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol   
35
Not Available   
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol   
20
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr   
9
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV   
21
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
82   
34
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82   
34
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
125   
19
121   
22
Number of Electrons
82   
34
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm   
19
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm   
38
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm   
27
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu   
30
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol   
27
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)   
99+
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm   
16
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3   
33
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3   
15
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa   
20
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)   
7
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa   
24
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.44   
3
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35   
25
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m   
16
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω   
36
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol   
28
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K   
26
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K   
38
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)   
13
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol   
99+
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol   
99+
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol   
99+
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K   
17
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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