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Lead Mercury Comparison

Lead
Mercury
Mercury Lead comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pb  
Hg  
Group Number
14  
4
12  
6
Period Number
6  
6  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439921  
99+
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Galena mineral contains almost 87% of Lead metal in it, Galena is sulfide mineral.
  • The best available source of Lead metal today is by recycling automobile batteries.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In Middle Easterns (7000 BCE)  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
17
0.09 %  
2
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
18
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
26
0.05 %  
9
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
9
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is also used in insecticides, hair dyes and as an anti-knocking additive for petrol. But all these are banned by the government as Lead metal is known for detrimental to health.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
Yes  
In Blood
0.21 Blood/mg dm-3  
11
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
30.00 p.p.m.  
10
0.45 p.p.m.  
23
Physical
Melting Point
327.50 °C  
99+
-38.83 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,740.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
5.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
38.00 MPa  
99+
0.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
1,190.00 m/s  
99+
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.02  
14
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
5.00 %  
39
73.00 %  
10
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pb  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.87  
14
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.29  
4
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.55  
12
1.44  
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.41  
2
1.81  
17
Allen Electronegativity
1.85  
11
1.44  
34
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.67  
99+
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
31
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,450.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
21
3rd Energy Level
3,081.50 kJ/mol  
23
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
4,083.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,640.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
36
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
32
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
34
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,156.00 kJ/mol  
33
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
28
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
24
100,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
16th Energy Level
71,500.00 kJ/mol  
19
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
40
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
24
18th Energy Level
7,150.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
37
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
20
20th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
31
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
11
21st Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
33
22nd Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
8
23rd Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.00 kJ/mol  
36
24th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
25th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
25
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
26th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
24
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
27th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
23
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
2
28th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
29
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
5
29th Energy Level
715.60 kJ/mol  
30
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
6
30th Energy Level
715.00 kJ/mol  
24
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
3
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.87 g/amp-hr  
9
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
4.25 eV  
28
4.49 eV  
20
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
82  
34
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Lead.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
82  
34
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
125  
20
121  
23
Number of Electrons
82  
34
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
175.00 pm  
21
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
202.00 pm  
34
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
207.20 amu  
30
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
18.17 cm3/mol  
39
14.82 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Thallium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Bismuth
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
24.20 (-eV)  
99+
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
495.08 pm  
18
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.51  
99+
0.42  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
11.34 g/cm3  
35
13.53 g/cm3  
25
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.66 g/cm3  
36
13.55 g/cm3  
27
Tensile Strength
12.00 MPa  
99+
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
29
0.00  
4
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
1.64 (Pa)  
7
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa  
28
25.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
16.00 GPa  
99+
45.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.44  
3
0.44  
3
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
11.35  
38
13.53  
27
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
12
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
20
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
208.00 nΩ·m  
16
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
0.05 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
35.10 kJ/mol  
33
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.14 J/(kg K)  
39
Molar Heat Capacity
26.65 J/mol·K  
34
27.98 J/mol·K  
16
Thermal Conductivity
35.30 W/m·K  
39
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
600.61 K  
99+
1,750.00 K  
33
Thermal Expansion
28.90 µm/(m·K)  
13
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
179.40 kJ/mol  
99+
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
4.77 kJ/mol  
99+
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
194.60 kJ/mol  
99+
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
64.80 J/mol.K  
18
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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