Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Fm_ 3m
Interesting Facts
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
- It is the most reflective element.
- Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
- It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Unknown
Discovery
In 1949
Before 5000 BC
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
- Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
- It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Silvery White
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
Reflectivity
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
4th Energy Level
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s1
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100
Covalent Radius
Not Available
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Susceptibility
Not Available
Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Electron Affinity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available