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Berkelium Silver Comparison

Berkelium
Silver
Silver Berkelium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Ag  
Group Number
14  
4
11  
7
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1949  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
97  
21
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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