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Silver Berkelium Comparison

Silver
Berkelium
Berkelium Silver comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Bk  
Group Number
11  
7
14  
4
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440406  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1949  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
36
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
986.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
2,627.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
1,070.00 MPa  
16
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Bk  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
14  
25
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
2.70  
1
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
97  
21
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
97  
21
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
150  
12
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
97  
21
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
170.00 pm  
24
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
170.00 pm  
27
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
247.00 amu  
18
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Curium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Californium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
45.50 (-eV)  
37
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
341.60 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.57  
38
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
14.78 g/cm3  
23
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
13.25 g/cm3  
29
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
70.00 MPa  
31
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
13.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
13.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.35  
9
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
14.00  
25
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
13
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
Summary >>
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