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Berkelium vs Iron

Berkelium
Iron
Iron vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk  
Fe  
Group Number
14  
4
8  
10
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440406  
99+
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1949  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
36
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
986.00 °C  
99+
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
260.00 MPa  
99+
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,070.00 MPa  
16
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,560.00 m/s  
99+
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
61.00 %  
22
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Bk  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14  
25
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
2.70  
1
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
16
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
32
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,100.00 kJ/mol  
33
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
99+
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
18
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
6,010.00 kJ/mol  
19
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr  
19
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
97  
21
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97  
21
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
97  
21
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm  
24
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
170.00 pm  
27
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu  
18
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
13.39 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)  
37
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.57  
38
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3  
23
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3  
29
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
70.00 MPa  
31
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa  
34
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
13.00 GPa  
99+
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.60 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
25
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
13.25 µm/(m·K)  
36
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
380.00 kJ/mol  
27
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.25 kJ/mol  
31
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
601.00 kJ/mol  
11
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
52.00 J/mol.K  
37
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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