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Iron vs Protactinium

Iron
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Iron


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fe  
Pa  
Group Number
8  
10
3  
15
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7439896  
99+
7440133  
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
139.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Crookes  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1900  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.11 %  
1
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.10 %  
1
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
22.00 %  
1
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
6.30 %  
2
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
12
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.01 %  
6
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,535.00 °C  
25
1,568.00 °C  
21
Boiling Point
2,750.00 °C  
39
4,027.00 °C  
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Gray  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
200.00 MPa  
99+
125.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
608.00 MPa  
27
220.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
5,120.00 m/s  
12
12,400.00 m/s  
3
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
-  
β Allotropes
beta Iron  
-  
γ Allotropes
gamma Iron  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fe  
Pa  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.83  
15
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.64  
9
1.14  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.83  
16
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.80  
15
1.50  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.17  
99+
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
5.89 eV  
3
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
26  
99+
91  
27
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
26  
99+
91  
27
Number of Neutrons
30  
99+
122  
22
Number of Electrons
26  
99+
91  
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
126.00 pm  
99+
163.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
132.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
11
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
243.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
55.85 amu  
99+
231.04 amu  
24
Atomic Volume
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Manganese
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Cobalt
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
67.00 (-eV)  
20
92.00 (-eV)  
11
Lattice Constant
286.65 pm  
99+
392.50 pm  
26
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.35  
99+
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
21
Tensile Strength
11,000.00 MPa  
1
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
19
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
36.80 (Pa)  
5
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
82.00 GPa  
11
16.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
170.00 GPa  
10
47.00 GPa  
26
Young's Modulus
211.00 GPa  
9
47.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.29  
15
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.20  
99+
15.37  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.01 H/m  
1
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
200,000.00  
1
0.00  
21
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
Electron Affinity
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
80.40 W/m·K  
22
47.00 W/m·K  
32
Critical Temperature
1,811.00 K  
29
1,841.00 K  
25
Thermal Expansion
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
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