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Silver vs Protactinium

Silver
Protactinium
Protactinium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag  
Pa  
Group Number
11  
7
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440133  
99+
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
I4/mmm  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
139.00  
11
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Protactinium metal has 29 isotopes.
  • Isotopes of Protactinium-231 used in nuclear weapon.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Found in Uranium Ores, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
William Crookes  
Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1900  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
17
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Currently known uses of Protactinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
1,568.00 °C  
21
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
4,027.00 °C  
12
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
125.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
220.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
12,400.00 m/s  
3
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.60  
33
Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ag  
Pa  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36  
3
27  
12
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.50  
28
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.14  
29
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.50  
26
Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.50  
32
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.50  
27
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
1,814.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
2,991.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
5,120.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
56,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
568.50 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,680.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
568.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
568.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
1.72 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
5.89 eV  
3
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
47  
99+
91  
27
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Protactinium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47  
99+
91  
27
Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
122  
22
Number of Electrons
47  
99+
91  
27
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
163.00 pm  
27
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
11
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
243.00 pm  
15
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
231.04 amu  
24
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
15.00 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Thorium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Uranium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
92.00 (-eV)  
11
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
392.50 pm  
26
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.58  
36
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
15.37 g/cm3  
20
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
15.37 g/cm3  
21
Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
32
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
16.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
47.00 GPa  
26
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
47.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.23  
30
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
15.37  
23
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
21
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
177.00 nΩ·m  
21
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.05 106/cm Ω  
39
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
53.03 kJ/mol  
22
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
47.00 W/m·K  
32
Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
1,841.00 K  
25
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
9.90 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
481.00 kJ/mol  
17
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
12.34 kJ/mol  
34
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
481.90 kJ/mol  
19
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
198.10 J/mol.K  
1
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