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Berkelium vs Indium

Berkelium
Indium
Indium vs Berkelium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Bk   
In   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440406   
99+
7440746   
17
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I4/mmm   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
139.00   
8
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
  
  • Luster of Indium is bright in nature.
  • Reich and richer were looking for thallium in zinc metal and they discovered Indium metal.
  
Sources
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.   
Mining, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymous Theodor Richter   
Discovery
In 1949   
In 1863   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
3 * 10-8 %   
28
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
  
  • It is used to produce indium tin oxide (ITO), it is used in manufacturing touch screens, flat screen TVs and solar panels.
  • Its nitride, phosphide and antimonide are used in transistors and microchips.
  
Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Medical Research   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, In Nuclear Reactors   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Unknown   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
986.00 °C   
99+
156.61 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,627.00 °C   
40
2,000.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery Gray   
Luster
Metallic   
Lustrous   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.20   
20
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
8.80 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,215.00 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Bk   
In   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
14   
25
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.78   
16
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.14   
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.49   
13
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
10
Allen Electronegativity
2.70   
1
1.66   
18
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.22   
38
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
601.00 kJ/mol   
99+
558.30 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,820.70 kJ/mol   
18
3rd Energy Level
2,152.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,704.00 kJ/mol   
39
4th Energy Level
3,434.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,210.00 kJ/mol   
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.07 g/amp-hr   
16
1.43 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.12 eV   
24
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
97   
21
49   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f9 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Berkelium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Indium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
97   
21
49   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
66   
99+
Number of Electrons
97   
21
49   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
170.00 pm   
22
167.00 pm   
24
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
193.00 pm   
31
Atomic Weight
247.00 amu   
18
114.82 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
15.70 cm3/mol   
33
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Curium
  
Cadmium
  
Next Element
Californium
  
Tin
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.50 (-eV)   
36
54.00 (-eV)   
25
Lattice Constant
341.60 pm   
99+
325.23 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.78 g/cm3   
22
7.31 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
13.25 g/cm3   
11
7.02 g/cm3   
33
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
2.50 MPa   
21
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.01 (Pa)   
11
Elasticity properties
  
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
11.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00   
14
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
83.70 nΩ·m   
34
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.12 106/cm Ω   
17
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
26.74 J/mol·K   
25
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
81.80 W/m·K   
21
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
32.10 µm/(m·K)   
9
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
226.40 kJ/mol   
40
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
3.28 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
242.70 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
57.80 J/mol.K   
22
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