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Californium vs Americium

Californium
Americium
Americium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Am   
Group Number
Not Available   
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
7   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440359   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1944   
Abundance
  
  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
994.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,607.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Am   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.30   
32
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.20   
27
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
578.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,158.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,132.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,493.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
3.02 g/amp-hr   
17
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
95   
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Rn] 5f7 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
95   
23
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
148   
12
Number of Electrons
98   
20
95   
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
173.00 pm   
21
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
180.00 pm   
21
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
244.00 pm   
10
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
243.00 amu   
20
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
17.86 cm3/mol   
29
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
44.00 (-eV)   
40
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
346.81 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
12.00 g/cm3   
30
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
13
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
13.67   
15
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Resistivity
Not Available   
0.69 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.02 106/cm Ω   
99+
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.11 J/(kg K)   
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
62.70 J/mol·K   
1
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
10.00 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
14.39 kJ/mol   
24
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
268.00 kJ/mol   
40
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
Not Available   
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