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Californium vs Sodium

Californium
Sodium
Sodium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Na   
Group Number
Not Available   
1   
17
Period Number
7   
3   
Block
f block   
s block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Alkali   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440235   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • At room temperature Sodium metal is very soft as it can be chopped down into pieces with butter knife.
  • The most common compound of Sodium is NaCl (Salt).
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
By Electrolysis Process, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Humphry Davy   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1807   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-3 %   
6
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.004 %   
6
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.55 %   
6
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
2.30 %   
5
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
1.10 %   
1
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.14 %   
3
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • In some nuclear reactors sodium is used as a heat exchanger.
  • Compound of Sodium metals called Salt (Sodium chloride) is used in Food.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
1,970.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
1
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
10,000.00 p.p.m.   
2
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
97.72 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
883.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
0.50   
22
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
0.69 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,200.00 m/s   
24
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Na   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
0.93   
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.56   
30
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.01   
35
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.91   
21
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
0.87   
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
3.07   
6
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
495.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,562.00 kJ/mol   
4
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
6,910.30 kJ/mol   
6
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
9,543.00 kJ/mol   
5
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
13,354.00 kJ/mol   
4
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,613.00 kJ/mol   
4
7th Energy level
Not Available   
20,117.00 kJ/mol   
4
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,496.00 kJ/mol   
4
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,932.00 kJ/mol   
4
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
141,362.00 kJ/mol   
2
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
159,076.00 kJ/mol   
2
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
0.86 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
2.75 eV   
40
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
11   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Ne] 3s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
11   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
12   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
11   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
166.00 pm   
27
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
227.00 pm   
21
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
22.99 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
23.70 cm3/mol   
10
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Beryllium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Magnesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
14.10 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
429.06 pm   
19
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
0.97 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
0.93 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
3.30 GPa   
99+
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
6.30 GPa   
99+
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
10.00 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
0.97   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
47.70 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.21 106/cm Ω   
9
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
52.80 kJ/mol   
19
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
1.23 J/(kg K)   
3
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
28.23 J/mol·K   
10
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
142.00 W/m·K   
11
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
2,573.00 K   
2
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
71.00 µm/(m·K)   
4
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
89.04 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
2.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
108.40 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.30 J/mol.K   
28
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