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Californium vs Tin

Californium
Tin
Tin vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Sn  
Group Number
3  
15
14  
4
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7440315  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
I41/amd  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
141.00  
10
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1950  
Before 3500 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
34
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
15
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
231.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
2,270.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
1.50  
19
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
50.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.40  
7
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
51.00 %  
30
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
β Allotropes
-  
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
γ Allotropes
-  
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Sn  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
35  
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.96  
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.49  
19
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.72  
5
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.21  
5
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.82  
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.04  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.42 eV  
22
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
50  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
50  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
69  
99+
Number of Electrons
98  
20
50  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
140.00 pm  
40
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
217.00 pm  
29
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
118.71 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
83.50 (-eV)  
14
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
583.18 pm  
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
0.68  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
15.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
15
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
18
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
18.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
58.00 GPa  
21
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.36  
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
7.31  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
30
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
66.80 W/m·K  
25
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
505.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
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