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Californium vs Tin

Californium
Tin
Tin vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Sn   
Group Number
Not Available   
14   
4
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440315   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
I41/amd   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
141.00   
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1950   
Before 3500 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000009 %   
19
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
26
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
13
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
NA   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
231.90 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,270.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
50.00 MPa   
99+
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
Yes   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Sn   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
35   
4
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.96   
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
15
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.72   
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.21   
3
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.82   
11
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.04   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.42 eV   
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
50   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
50   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
69   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
50   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
140.00 pm   
38
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
139.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
217.00 pm   
23
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
118.71 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Indium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Cesium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
83.50 (-eV)   
14
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
583.18 pm   
7
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
18.00 GPa   
36
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
58.00 GPa   
20
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
50.00 GPa   
36
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.36   
8
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
7.31   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
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