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Tin vs Californium

Tin
Californium
Californium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn   
Cf   
Group Number
14   
4
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
p block   
f block   
Element Family
Post-​Transition   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440315   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
I41/amd   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
141.00   
7
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
Before 3500 BC   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
4 * 10-7 %   
20
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000009 %   
19
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
24
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
34
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry   
NA   
Other Uses
NA   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3   
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.   
16
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
231.90 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50   
18
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa   
99+
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s   
32
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
Yes   
No   
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Sn   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35   
4
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96   
8
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49   
15
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72   
4
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21   
3
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.82   
11
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol   
33
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol   
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol   
30
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol   
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV   
16
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
50   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
69   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
50   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm   
38
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm   
99+
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm   
23
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol   
32
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)   
14
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm   
7
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3   
99+
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3   
34
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
17
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa   
20
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa   
36
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.36   
8
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31   
99+
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m   
28
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω   
23
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol   
8
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)   
28
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K   
20
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K   
25
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)   
20
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol   
32
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol   
35
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K   
29
Not Available   
Periodic Table >>
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