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Tin vs Californium

Tin
Californium
Californium vs Tin


Periodic Table
Symbol
Sn  
Cf  
Group Number
14  
4
3  
15
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
p block  
f block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440315  
99+
7440713  
20
Space Group Name
I41/amd  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
141.00  
10
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • In the list of most abundant element Tin is ranked 49th.
  • Tin metal does not react with water as well as does not corrode in it.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining  
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
Before 3500 BC  
In 1950  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
19
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
34
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
15
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tin-niobium alloy is used for producing superconducting magnets.
  • Tin salt known as a tin II chloride, it is used as a mordant and as a reducing agent for dyeing calico and silk.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Food Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
Dentistry  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.38 Blood/mg dm-3  
10
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
1.40 p.p.m.  
17
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
231.90 °C  
99+
900.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
2,270.00 °C  
99+
1,470.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
1.50  
19
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
50.00 MPa  
99+
1,800.00 MPa  
7
Speed of Sound
2,730.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.40  
7
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
51.00 %  
30
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
Yes  
No  
α Allotropes
Grey Tin (alpha Tin, Tin Pest)  
-  
β Allotropes
White Tin (Beta Tin)  
-  
γ Allotropes
Rhombic Tin (gamma Tin)  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Sn  
Cf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
35  
4
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.96  
9
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.49  
19
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.72  
5
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.21  
5
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.82  
14
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.04  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,411.80 kJ/mol  
99+
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,943.00 kJ/mol  
30
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,930.30 kJ/mol  
99+
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,456.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
36
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
34
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
13th Energy Level
7,080.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
15th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
27
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
70,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
17th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,086.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
39
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
33
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
22nd Energy Level
708.00 kJ/mol  
27
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
23rd Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
24th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
26
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
28
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
32
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
33
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
708.60 kJ/mol  
27
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.11 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
Electron Work Function
4.42 eV  
22
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
50  
99+
98  
20
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2  
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Tetragonal (TETR)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
TETR-Crystal-Structure-of-Tin.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
50  
99+
98  
20
Number of Neutrons
69  
99+
153  
10
Number of Electrons
50  
99+
98  
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
140.00 pm  
40
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
217.00 pm  
29
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
118.71 amu  
99+
251.00 amu  
17
Atomic Volume
16.30 cm3/mol  
99+
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Indium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Cesium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
83.50 (-eV)  
14
44.50 (-eV)  
39
Lattice Constant
583.18 pm  
7
338.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
0.68  
99+
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
7.37 g/cm3  
99+
15.10 g/cm3  
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.99 g/cm3  
99+
15.10 g/cm3  
22
Tensile Strength
15.00 MPa  
99+
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
15
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
18
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa  
99+
29.00 GPa  
29
Bulk Modulus
58.00 GPa  
21
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
50.00 GPa  
39
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.36  
8
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
7.31  
99+
15.10  
24
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
30
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
-  
Resistivity
115.00 nΩ·m  
28
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.09 106/cm Ω  
28
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
107.30 kJ/mol  
9
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.23 J/(kg K)  
28
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.11 J/mol·K  
26
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
Thermal Conductivity
66.80 W/m·K  
25
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
505.00 K  
99+
900.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
22.00 µm/(m·K)  
21
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
290.40 kJ/mol  
99+
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
7.03 kJ/mol  
99+
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
Enthalpy of Atomization
301.30 kJ/mol  
99+
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
51.20 J/mol.K  
40
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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