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Californium vs Silver

Californium
Silver
Silver vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Ag   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
7   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440224   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1950   
Before 5000 BC   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000001 %   
26
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
961.93 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,212.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
2.50   
14
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
251.00 MPa   
37
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
229.00 MPa   
30
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
97.00 %   
1
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Ag   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
36   
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.93   
9
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.83   
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.42   
18
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.47   
15
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.87   
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.07   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.26 eV   
20
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
47   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
47   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
61   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
47   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
144.00 pm   
36
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
145.00 pm   
39
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
172.00 pm   
38
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
107.87 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
408.53 pm   
20
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
10.49 g/cm3   
35
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
9.32 g/cm3   
21
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
30.00 GPa   
23
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
100.00 GPa   
16
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
83.00 GPa   
23
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
10.50   
26
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Susceptibility
Not Available   
0.00   
5
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
429.00 W/m·K   
1
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
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