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Californium Silver Comparison

Californium
Silver
Silver Californium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Ag  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7440224  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1950  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
961.93 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
2,212.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
251.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
229.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.16  
99+
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
97.00 %  
1
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Ag  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.93  
10
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.83  
14
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.47  
28
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.87  
10
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.07  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.26 eV  
27
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
47  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
47  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
61  
99+
Number of Electrons
98  
20
47  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
144.00 pm  
38
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
145.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
172.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
107.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Palladium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Cadmium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
408.53 pm  
23
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.59  
26
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
10.49 g/cm3  
37
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
170.00 MPa  
21
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
14
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
38
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
100.00 GPa  
16
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
10.50  
39
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
32
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
429.00 W/m·K  
1
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
1,235.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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