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Silver Californium Comparison


Californium Silver comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ag   
Cf   

Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   

Period Number
5   
7   

Block
d block   
f block   

Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   

CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440713   
20

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Unknown   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   

Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1950   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   

Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   

Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37

In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.00 p.p.m.   
36

Physical Properties

Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+

Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
Metallic   
NA   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12

Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
Not Available   

Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   

Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   

Optical Properties
  
  

Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Ag   
Cf   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
36   
3
20   
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.30   
32

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.20   
27

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   

Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.70   
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15

Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
Not Available   

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
47   
99+
98   
20

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
47   
99+
98   
20

Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
153   
9

Number of Electrons
47   
99+
98   
20

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
186.00 pm   
9

Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
Not Available   

Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
Not Available   

Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17

Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Palladium
  
Berkelium
  

Next Element
Cadmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38

Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
338.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
15.10 g/cm3   
21

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   

Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
Not Available   

Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   

Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
Not Available   

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
15.10   
13

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   

Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   

Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
Not Available   

Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
Not Available   

Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   

Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
Not Available   

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
Not Available   

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   

Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   

Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
Not Available   

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