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Californium vs Iron

Californium
Iron
Iron vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Fe  
Group Number
3  
15
8  
10
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7439896  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Iron is not always magnetic in nature, its allotrope are ferromagnetic and the B allotrope is nonmagnetic.
  • The blood consists Iron in hemoglobin molecules to transfer Oxygen in the body.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1950  
Before 5000 BC  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.11 %  
1
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.10 %  
1
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
22.00 %  
1
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
6.30 %  
2
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.01 %  
6
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Iron metal alloy steel is used in the application of civil engineering and manufacturing.
  • Alloys of iron with nickel, vanadium, chromium, tungsten and manganese have very useful properties.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
447.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
3
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
380.00 p.p.m.  
5
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
1,535.00 °C  
25
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
2,750.00 °C  
39
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
200.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
608.00 MPa  
27
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
5,120.00 m/s  
12
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
65.00 %  
18
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
Ferrite (alpha Iron)  
β Allotropes
-  
beta Iron  
γ Allotropes
-  
gamma Iron  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Fe  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.64  
9
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.83  
16
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.80  
15
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.17  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
17
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,561.90 kJ/mol  
37
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,957.00 kJ/mol  
29
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,290.00 kJ/mol  
25
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,240.00 kJ/mol  
25
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,560.00 kJ/mol  
20
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,060.00 kJ/mol  
15
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,580.00 kJ/mol  
14
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,540.00 kJ/mol  
5
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,290.00 kJ/mol  
8
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
31,920.00 kJ/mol  
31
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
34,830.00 kJ/mol  
9
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
37,840.00 kJ/mol  
11
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
44,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
47,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
122,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
131,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
140,500.00 kJ/mol  
3
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
152,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
163,000.00 kJ/mol  
5
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
173,600.00 kJ/mol  
4
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
188,100.00 kJ/mol  
4
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
195,200.00 kJ/mol  
1
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
15
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
14
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.50 kJ/mol  
20
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
762.00 kJ/mol  
15
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
0.69 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
26  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Ar] 3d6 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
26  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
30  
99+
Number of Electrons
98  
20
26  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
126.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
55.85 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Manganese
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Cobalt
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
67.00 (-eV)  
20
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
286.65 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.35  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
7.87 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
6.98 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
11,000.00 MPa  
1
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
19
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
36.80 (Pa)  
5
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
82.00 GPa  
11
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
170.00 GPa  
10
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
211.00 GPa  
9
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.29  
15
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
7.20  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Ferromagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.01 H/m  
1
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
200,000.00  
1
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
96.10 nΩ·m  
32
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.10 106/cm Ω  
24
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
15.70 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
25.10 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
80.40 W/m·K  
22
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
1,811.00 K  
29
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
351.00 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
14.90 kJ/mol  
23
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
414.20 kJ/mol  
24
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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