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Californium vs Mercury

Californium
Mercury
Mercury vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Hg   
Group Number
Not Available   
12   
6
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7439976   
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
R_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
166.00   
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Ancient Chinese and Indians   
Discovery
In 1950   
Before 2000 BCE   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.05 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Dentistry   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.45 p.p.m.   
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
Not Available   
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
356.58 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Liquid   
Color
Silver   
Silver   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
1,451.40 m/s   
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available   
1.00   
3
Reflectivity
Not Available   
73.00 %   
8
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Hg   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
2.00   
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.20   
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.44   
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.81   
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.44   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.00   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol   
4
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol   
20
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol   
20
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
3.74 g/amp-hr   
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.49 eV   
15
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
80   
36
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Rhombohedral (RHO)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
80   
36
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
121   
22
Number of Electrons
98   
20
80   
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
151.00 pm   
32
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
155.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
200.59 amu   
32
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
14.82 cm3/mol   
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
28.20 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
300.50 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
NA   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
13.53 g/cm3   
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
0.00   
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
13.53   
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
961.00 nΩ·m   
1
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
0.00 kJ/mol   
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.14 J/(kg K)   
38
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
27.98 J/mol·K   
13
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
8.30 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
1,750.00 K   
6
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
60.40 µm/(m·K)   
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
56.90 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
2.29 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
61.50 kJ/mol   
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
75.80 J/mol.K   
6
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