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Californium vs Mercury

Californium
Mercury
Mercury vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Hg  
Group Number
Not Available  
12  
6
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7439976  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
R_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
5
166.00  
6
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • At room temperature mercury is found in a liquid state.
  • A coin of pound or rupees floats in mercury.
  • Because of its low melting point and boiling point it is used in thermometers.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Ancient Chinese and Indians  
Discovery
In 1950  
Before 2000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available  
0.05 %  
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • It is a liquid metal at room temperature, but it is a toxic heavy metal and hence many uses of mercury are under review or phased out.
  • It is manly used as a catalysts in chemical industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
NA  
Dentistry  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Mirror Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
23
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
0.45 p.p.m.  
19
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
Not Available  
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
356.58 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Liquid  
Color
Silver  
Silver  
Luster
NA  
NA  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
12
Not Available  
Speed of Sound
Not Available  
1,451.40 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
Not Available  
1.00  
3
Reflectivity
Not Available  
73.00 %  
8
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
β Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
γ Allotropes
Not Available  
Not Available  
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Hg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
32
2.00  
7
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available  
2.20  
7
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
27
1.44  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.81  
9
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available  
1.44  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,007.10 kJ/mol  
4
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,810.00 kJ/mol  
20
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
20
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Not Available  
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
15
3.74 g/amp-hr  
10
Electron Work Function
Not Available  
4.49 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Flammability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98  
20
80  
36
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Rhombohedral (RHO)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
RHO-Crystal-Structure-of-Mercury.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
80  
36
Number of Neutrons
153  
9
121  
22
Number of Electrons
98  
20
80  
36
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
9
151.00 pm  
32
Covalent Radius
Not Available  
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available  
155.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
200.59 amu  
32
Atomic Volume
Not Available  
14.82 cm3/mol  
35
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Gold
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Thallium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
38
28.20 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
300.50 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
NA  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
13.53 g/cm3  
24
Tensile Strength
Not Available  
Not Available  
Viscosity
Not Available  
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available  
Not Available  
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
NA  
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
13
13.53  
16
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown  
Conductor  
Resistivity
Not Available  
961.00 nΩ·m  
1
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available  
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available  
0.00 kJ/mol  
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available  
0.14 J/(kg K)  
38
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available  
27.98 J/mol·K  
13
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available  
8.30 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available  
1,750.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
Not Available  
60.40 µm/(m·K)  
5
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available  
56.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available  
2.29 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available  
61.50 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available  
75.80 J/mol.K  
6
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