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Silver vs Californium


Californium vs Silver


Periodic Table

Symbol
Ag  
Cf  

Group Number
11  
7
3  
15

Period Number
5  
7  

Block
d block  
f block  

Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  

CAS Number
7440224  
99+
7440713  
20

Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
P63/mmc  

Space Group Number
225.00  
3
194.00  
7

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  

Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals  
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  

History
  
  

Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  

Discovery
Before 5000 BC  
In 1950  

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
27
0.00 %  
38

Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
30

Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
99+

Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+

Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
19
-  

Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  

Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry  
Chemical Industry  

Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
-  

Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  

Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40

In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.  
24
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+

Physical

Melting Point
961.93 °C  
99+
900.00 °C  
99+

Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C  
99+
1,470.00 °C  
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid  
Solid  

Color
Silvery White  
Silver  

Luster
Metallic  
-  

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
2.50  
15
3.00  
13

Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa  
99+
170.00 MPa  
99+

Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa  
99+
1,800.00 MPa  
7

Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s  
99+
2,260.00 m/s  
99+

Optical Properties
  
  

Refractive Index
0.16  
99+
1.30  
99+

Reflectivity
97.00 %  
1
63.00 %  
20

Allotropes
No  
No  

α Allotropes
-  
-  

β Allotropes
-  
-  

γ Allotropes
-  
-  

Chemical

Chemical Formula
Ag  
Cf  

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
36  
3
20  
19

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.93  
10
1.30  
33

Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83  
14
1.30  
25

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.20  
28

Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47  
28
1.30  
33

Allen Electronegativity
1.87  
10
1.30  
40

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.07  
99+
2.70  
22

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol  
11
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+

3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol  
19
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+

4th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
10
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+

5th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

6th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

7th Energy level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
33
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

8th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

9th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
27
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

10th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
32
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

11th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
31
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

12th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14

13th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+

14th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30

15th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
22
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39

16th Energy Level
73,100.00 kJ/mol  
17
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29

17th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
38
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

18th Energy Level
7,310.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+

19th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
35
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

20th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
29
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+

21st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16

22nd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
23
608.00 kJ/mol  
39

23rd Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17

24th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

25th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

26th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

27th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
21
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

28th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
27
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

29th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
28
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

30th Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol  
22
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+

Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr  
7
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17

Electron Work Function
4.26 eV  
27
4.70 eV  
15

Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  

Atomic

Atomic Number
47  
99+
98  
20

Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1  
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
47  
99+
98  
20

Number of Neutrons
61  
99+
153  
10

Number of Electrons
47  
99+
98  
20

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
144.00 pm  
38
186.00 pm  
11

Covalent Radius
145.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
21

Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm  
99+
244.00 pm  
14

Atomic Weight
107.87 amu  
99+
251.00 amu  
17

Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol  
99+
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Palladium
  
Berkelium
  

Next Element
Cadmium
  

Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)  
99+
44.50 (-eV)  
39

Lattice Constant
408.53 pm  
23
338.00 pm  
99+

Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  

Lattice C/A Ratio
1.59  
26
1.58  
34

Mechanical

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3  
37
15.10 g/cm3  
21

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3  
99+
15.10 g/cm3  
22

Tensile Strength
170.00 MPa  
21
50.00 MPa  
38

Viscosity
0.00  
23
0.00  
25

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
14
0.00 (Pa)  
22

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
38
0.00 (Pa)  
24

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
29.00 GPa  
29

Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
40.00 GPa  
38

Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa  
25
0.00 GPa  
99+

Poisson Ratio
0.37  
7
0.30  
14

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable, Sectile  

Magnetic

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
10.50  
39
15.10  
24

Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic  
Paramagnetic  

Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8

Susceptibility
0.00  
32
0.00  
24

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  

Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m  
99+
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+

Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω  
1
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23

Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol  
5
97.00 kJ/mol  
12

Thermal

Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
25
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+

Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K  
99+
26.70 J/mol·K  
33

Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K  
1
10.00 W/m·K  
99+

Critical Temperature
1,235.00 K  
99+
900.00 K  
99+

Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)  
25
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol  
99+
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+

Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol  
37
15.10 kJ/mol  
21

Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol  
99+
-  

Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+

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