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Silver vs Californium

Silver
Californium
Californium vs Silver


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ag   
Cf   
Group Number
11   
7
Not Available   
Period Number
5   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440224   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
225.00   
2
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is the most reflective element.
  • Silver is the second most ductile metal after Gold.
  • It is also used in Dentistry as a dental alloys for clips and crowning.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Ores of metals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Unknown   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
Before 5000 BC   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %   
26
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
38
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
19
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Silver is mainly used for Jewelry and show piece.
  • It is used for manufacturing high quality mirrors due to its reflectivity property.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
29
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.44 p.p.m.   
20
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
961.93 °C   
99+
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
2,212.00 °C   
99+
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silver   
Luster
Metallic   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
2.50   
14
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
251.00 MPa   
37
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
229.00 MPa   
30
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
2,680.00 m/s   
34
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
97.00 %   
1
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Ag   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
36   
3
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.93   
9
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.83   
11
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42   
18
1.20   
27
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.47   
15
Not Available   
Allen Electronegativity
1.87   
7
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.07   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
731.00 kJ/mol   
27
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,070.00 kJ/mol   
11
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
3,361.00 kJ/mol   
19
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.02 g/amp-hr   
7
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.26 eV   
20
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
47   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d10 5s1   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Silver.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
47   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
61   
99+
153   
9
Number of Electrons
47   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
144.00 pm   
36
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
145.00 pm   
39
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
172.00 pm   
38
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
107.87 amu   
99+
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
10.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Palladium
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Cadmium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
11.40 (-eV)   
99+
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
408.53 pm   
20
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
10.49 g/cm3   
35
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.32 g/cm3   
21
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
14
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa   
16
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
83.00 GPa   
23
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.37   
7
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
10.50   
26
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Diamagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Susceptibility
0.00   
5
Not Available   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
15.87 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.63 106/cm Ω   
1
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
125.60 kJ/mol   
5
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)   
25
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
25.35 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
429.00 W/m·K   
1
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
18.90 µm/(m·K)   
23
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
255.10 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
11.30 kJ/mol   
31
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
284.50 kJ/mol   
37
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
42.60 J/mol.K   
35
Not Available   
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