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Californium vs Copper

Californium
Copper
Copper vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
Cu   
Group Number
Not Available   
11   
7
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440508   
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Found in Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Unknown   
Discovery
In 1950   
In Middle East (9000 BCE)   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
6 * 10-6 %   
12
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00007 %   
12
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.01 %   
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
17
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
8
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
9
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
26.00 p.p.m.   
12
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,084.62 °C   
40
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
2,562.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Copper   
Luster
NA   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
235.00 MPa   
38
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
343.00 MPa   
28
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
3,810.00 m/s   
19
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
90.00 %   
3
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
Cu   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
29   
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.90   
11
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.98   
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.75   
3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.49   
14
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.85   
9
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.10   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
745.50 kJ/mol   
22
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol   
15
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol   
15
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol   
12
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
7,700.00 kJ/mol   
11
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,900.00 kJ/mol   
10
7th Energy level
Not Available   
13,400.00 kJ/mol   
7
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,000.00 kJ/mol   
9
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,200.00 kJ/mol   
9
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,400.00 kJ/mol   
11
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
25,600.00 kJ/mol   
13
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
35,600.00 kJ/mol   
6
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
38,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
42,000.00 kJ/mol   
7
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
46,700.00 kJ/mol   
9
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
50,200.00 kJ/mol   
10
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
53,700.00 kJ/mol   
12
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
61,100.00 kJ/mol   
10
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
64,702.00 kJ/mol   
11
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
163,700.00 kJ/mol   
2
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
174,100.00 kJ/mol   
2
22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
184,900.00 kJ/mol   
1
23rd Energy Level
Not Available   
198,800.00 kJ/mol   
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
1.19 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.65 eV   
11
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
29   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s1   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
29   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
35   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
29   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
128.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
132.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
140.00 pm   
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
63.55 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
7.10 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
34.00 (-eV)   
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
361.49 pm   
35
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
8.96 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
8.02 g/cm3   
27
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
1.53 (Pa)   
8
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
48.00 GPa   
15
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
140.00 GPa   
12
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
120.00 GPa   
17
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.34   
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
8.89   
34
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Permeability
Not Available   
1.256629 * 10-6 H/m   
5
Susceptibility
Not Available   
-9.63 * 10-6   
4
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
16.78 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.60 106/cm Ω   
2
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
222.80 kJ/mol   
1
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.38 J/(kg K)   
15
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.44 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
401.00 W/m·K   
2
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
16.50 µm/(m·K)   
25
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
283.70 kJ/mol   
33
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
7.11 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
338.90 kJ/mol   
29
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
33.20 J/mol.K   
99+
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