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Californium vs Copper

Californium
Copper
Copper vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
Cu  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7440508  
37
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.
  • Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Found in Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1950  
In Middle East (9000 BCE)  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
12
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
13
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.01 %  
17
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
8
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
10
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • It is use for coinage and bullion.
  • Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
1.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
8
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
26.00 p.p.m.  
12
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
1,084.62 °C  
40
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
2,562.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Copper  
Luster
-  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
235.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
343.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,810.00 m/s  
26
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.10  
99+
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
90.00 %  
4
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
Cu  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
29  
10
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
12
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.75  
4
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.49  
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.85  
12
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.10  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
22
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,957.90 kJ/mol  
15
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,555.00 kJ/mol  
15
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,536.00 kJ/mol  
21
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,900.00 kJ/mol  
16
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,200.00 kJ/mol  
9
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25,600.00 kJ/mol  
13
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
35,600.00 kJ/mol  
27
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
38,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
42,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
46,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
50,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
53,700.00 kJ/mol  
12
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,702.00 kJ/mol  
11
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
163,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
174,100.00 kJ/mol  
2
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
184,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
198,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
18
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
24
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
25
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
745.50 kJ/mol  
19
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
1.19 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.65 eV  
16
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
29  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Ar] 3d10 4s1  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Copper.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
29  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
35  
99+
Number of Electrons
98  
20
29  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
128.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
132.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
140.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
63.55 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
7.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Nickel
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Zinc
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
34.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
361.49 pm  
39
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.28  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
8.96 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
8.02 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
210.00 MPa  
19
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
1.53 (Pa)  
8
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
30
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
48.00 GPa  
15
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
140.00 GPa  
12
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
120.00 GPa  
19
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.34  
10
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
8.89  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
19
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
31
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
16.78 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.60 106/cm Ω  
2
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.38 J/(kg K)  
15
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
24.44 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
401.00 W/m·K  
2
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
1,358.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
16.50 µm/(m·K)  
27
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
283.70 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
7.11 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
338.90 kJ/mol  
39
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
33.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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