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Californium vs Tungsten

Californium
Tungsten
Tungsten vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf  
W  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440713  
20
7440337  
99+
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1950  
In 1781  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
38
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
18
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
Physical
Melting Point
900.00 °C  
99+
3,410.00 °C  
1
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C  
99+
5,660.00 °C  
1
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Lustrous  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00  
13
7.50  
2
Brinell Hardness
170.00 MPa  
99+
2,000.00 MPa  
4
Vickers Hardness
1,800.00 MPa  
7
3,430.00 MPa  
3
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,620.00 m/s  
20
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.10  
11
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
62.00 %  
21
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cf  
W  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.98  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.40  
20
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.36  
3
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.47  
33
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.64  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
5th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
7th Energy level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
8th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
9th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
10th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
11th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
12th Energy Level
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
14th Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
16th Energy Level
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
17th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
18th Energy Level
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
19th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
20th Energy Level
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
21st Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
23rd Energy Level
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
25th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
26th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
27th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
28th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
29th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
30th Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.70 eV  
15
4.55 eV  
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
98  
20
74  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98  
20
74  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
110  
28
Number of Electrons
98  
20
74  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
162.00 pm  
31
Van der Waals Radius
244.00 pm  
14
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu  
17
183.84 amu  
37
Atomic Volume
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Tantalum
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Rhenium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)  
39
140.00 (-eV)  
5
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm  
99+
316.52 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
34
1.29  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3  
21
19.25 g/cm3  
16
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.10 g/cm3  
22
17.60 g/cm3  
15
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
370.00 MPa  
11
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
1
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
29.00 GPa  
29
161.00 GPa  
5
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
310.00 GPa  
4
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
411.00 GPa  
4
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.28  
17
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10  
24
19.22  
18
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
8
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
23
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
Electron Affinity
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
173.00 W/m·K  
7
Critical Temperature
900.00 K  
99+
3,695.00 K  
1
Thermal Expansion
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Fusion
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
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