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Tungsten vs Californium

Tungsten
Californium
Californium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W   
Cf   
Group Number
6   
12
Not Available   
Period Number
6   
7   
Block
d block   
f block   
Element Family
Transition Metal   
Actinide   
CAS Number
7440337   
99+
7440713   
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Not Available   
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Discovery
In 1781   
In 1950   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Not Available   
Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %   
23
~-9999 %   
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
39
Not Available   
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
18
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
35
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Physical Properties
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C   
1
900.00 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C   
1
1,470.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Grayish White   
Silver   
Luster
Lustrous   
NA   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50   
2
3.00   
12
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa   
4
Not Available   
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa   
1
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s   
16
Not Available   
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
62.00 %   
13
Not Available   
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
W   
Cf   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33   
6
20   
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36   
2
1.30   
32
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98   
23
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40   
19
1.20   
27
Allen Electronegativity
1.47   
29
Not Available   
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64   
99+
2.70   
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol   
16
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol   
29
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
Not Available   
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
Not Available   
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr   
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV   
13
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
74   
99+
98   
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2   
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74   
99+
98   
20
Number of Neutrons
110   
27
153   
9
Number of Electrons
74   
99+
98   
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm   
39
186.00 pm   
9
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm   
29
Not Available   
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
Not Available   
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu   
37
251.00 amu   
17
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol   
99+
Not Available   
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)   
5
44.50 (-eV)   
38
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm   
99+
338.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3   
16
15.10 g/cm3   
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3   
5
Not Available   
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa   
10
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
32
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa   
5
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa   
4
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa   
4
Not Available   
Poisson Ratio
0.28   
17
Not Available   
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22   
9
15.10   
13
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor   
Unknown   
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m   
99+
Not Available   
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω   
10
Not Available   
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol   
13
Not Available   
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
Not Available   
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K   
99+
Not Available   
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K   
7
Not Available   
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Not Available   
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol   
1
Not Available   
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K   
99+
Not Available   
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