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Tungsten vs Californium

Tungsten
Californium
Californium vs Tungsten


Periodic Table
Symbol
W  
Cf  
Group Number
6  
12
3  
15
Period Number
6  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
7440337  
99+
7440713  
20
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
229.00  
2
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Tungsten element has the second highest melting point.
  • Pure tungsten can easily cut down with the help of hacksaw.
  
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
-  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1781  
In 1950  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
28
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
23
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
18
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature applications like welding electrodes, high-temperature furnace, etc.
  • Tungsten carbide is very hard and used in metal working, mining and petroleum industry.
  
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys, Nuclear Research  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
40
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
3,410.00 °C  
1
900.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
5,660.00 °C  
1
1,470.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Grayish White  
Silver  
Luster
Lustrous  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
7.50  
2
3.00  
13
Brinell Hardness
2,000.00 MPa  
4
170.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,430.00 MPa  
3
1,800.00 MPa  
7
Speed of Sound
4,620.00 m/s  
20
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.10  
11
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
62.00 %  
21
63.00 %  
20
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
W  
Cf  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
33  
6
20  
19
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
0.98  
99+
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.40  
20
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.36  
3
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.47  
33
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.64  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
16
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,700.00 kJ/mol  
30
1,206.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,045.40 kJ/mol  
99+
2,267.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
8
3,599.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
17
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
35
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
25
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
29
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
60,800.00 kJ/mol  
14
13th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
21
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
30
15th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
18
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
77,000.00 kJ/mol  
13
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
29
17th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
34
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,700.00 kJ/mol  
24
6,085.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
31
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
25
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
16
22nd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
608.00 kJ/mol  
39
23rd Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,080.00 kJ/mol  
17
24th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
15
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
13
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
19
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
770.00 kJ/mol  
14
608.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.14 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.12 g/amp-hr  
17
Electron Work Function
4.55 eV  
18
4.70 eV  
15
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
74  
99+
98  
20
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2  
[Rn] 5f10 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
74  
99+
98  
20
Number of Neutrons
110  
28
153  
10
Number of Electrons
74  
99+
98  
20
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
139.00 pm  
99+
186.00 pm  
11
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
186.00 pm  
21
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
183.84 amu  
37
251.00 amu  
17
Atomic Volume
9.53 cm3/mol  
99+
15.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Tantalum
  
Berkelium
  
Next Element
Rhenium
  
Einsteinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
140.00 (-eV)  
5
44.50 (-eV)  
39
Lattice Constant
316.52 pm  
99+
338.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.25 g/cm3  
16
15.10 g/cm3  
21
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.60 g/cm3  
15
15.10 g/cm3  
22
Tensile Strength
370.00 MPa  
11
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
1
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
161.00 GPa  
5
29.00 GPa  
29
Bulk Modulus
310.00 GPa  
4
40.00 GPa  
38
Young's Modulus
411.00 GPa  
4
0.00 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.28  
17
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Malleable, Sectile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.22  
18
15.10  
24
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
8
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Superconductor  
-  
Resistivity
52.80 nΩ·m  
99+
6.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.19 106/cm Ω  
10
0.11 106/cm Ω  
23
Electron Affinity
78.60 kJ/mol  
15
97.00 kJ/mol  
12
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
24.27 J/mol·K  
99+
26.70 J/mol·K  
33
Thermal Conductivity
173.00 W/m·K  
7
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
3,695.00 K  
1
900.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
4.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
11.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
799.10 kJ/mol  
1
311.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
35.23 kJ/mol  
1
15.10 kJ/mol  
21
Enthalpy of Atomization
837.00 kJ/mol  
1
-  
Standard Molar Entropy
32.60 J/mol.K  
99+
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
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