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Californium vs Vanadium

Californium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Californium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf   
V   
Group Number
Not Available   
5   
13
Period Number
7   
4   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440713   
20
7440622   
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc   
Im_ 3m   
Space Group Number
194.00   
5
229.00   
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
  • Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions   
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Andrés Manuel del Río   
Discovery
In 1950   
In 1801   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1 * 10-4 %   
10
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.00004 %   
13
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.01 %   
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.02 %   
12
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
  • It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
36
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.00 p.p.m.   
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C   
99+
1,890.00 °C   
13
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C   
99+
3,380.00 °C   
20
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silver   
Blue-Silver Grey   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
3.00   
12
6.70   
4
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
600.00 MPa   
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
628.00 MPa   
17
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,560.00 m/s   
17
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
61.00 %   
14
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf   
V   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
22   
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.63   
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.39   
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.53   
26
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.37   
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol   
99+
650.90 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol   
35
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol   
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
6,298.70 kJ/mol   
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
12,363.00 kJ/mol   
5
7th Energy level
Not Available   
14,530.00 kJ/mol   
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available   
16,730.00 kJ/mol   
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available   
19,860.00 kJ/mol   
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available   
22,240.00 kJ/mol   
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available   
24,670.00 kJ/mol   
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available   
29,730.00 kJ/mol   
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available   
32,446.00 kJ/mol   
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available   
86,450.00 kJ/mol   
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available   
94,170.00 kJ/mol   
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available   
102,300.00 kJ/mol   
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available   
112,700.00 kJ/mol   
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available   
121,600.00 kJ/mol   
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available   
130,700.00 kJ/mol   
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available   
143,400.00 kJ/mol   
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available   
151,440.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr   
15
0.38 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98   
20
23   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2   
[Ar] 3d3 4s2   
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
98   
20
23   
99+
Number of Neutrons
153   
9
28   
99+
Number of Electrons
98   
20
23   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available   
153.00 pm   
33
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu   
17
50.94 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available   
8.78 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Berkelium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Einsteinium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)   
38
120.00 (-eV)   
6
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm   
99+
303.00 pm   
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3   
21
6.00 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
5.50 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
800.00 MPa   
6
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.23 (Pa)   
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available   
47.00 GPa   
16
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available   
128.00 GPa   
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.37   
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile   
Ductile, Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.10   
13
5.96   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown   
Superconductor   
Resistivity
Not Available   
197.00 nΩ·m   
19
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.05 106/cm Ω   
35
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.60 kJ/mol   
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.49 J/(kg K)   
10
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
24.89 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
30.70 W/m·K   
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
8.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
458.60 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
17.57 kJ/mol   
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
514.60 kJ/mol   
13
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
28.90 J/mol.K   
99+
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