Californium vs Vanadium
Periodic Table
Symbol
Cf
V
Group Number
Not Available
5
13
Period Number
7
4
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440713
20
7440622
27
Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00
5
229.00
1
Facts
Interesting Facts
- Californium metal is very harmful and highly radioactive.
- Californium metal is the heaviest metal.
- Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
Sources
Made by Bombarding Curium with Helium Ions
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Andrés Manuel del Río
Discovery
In 1950
In 1801
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
1 * 10-4 %
10
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
~0.00004 %
13
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
0.01 %
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
0.02 %
12
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
0.00 %
14
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
16
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Californium metal has a very strong neutron emitter. It is used as a metal detector.
- It also used as an identifier to check Water and oil layers in oil wells.
- Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
- Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
36
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
36
0.00 p.p.m.
31
Physical Properties
Melting Point
900.00 °C
99+
1,890.00 °C
13
Boiling Point
1,470.00 °C
99+
3,380.00 °C
20
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silver
Blue-Silver Grey
Luster
NA
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
3.00
12
6.70
4
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
600.00 MPa
20
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
628.00 MPa
17
Speed of Sound
Not Available
4,560.00 m/s
17
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
61.00 %
14
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Cf
V
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
20
19
22
17
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30
32
1.63
20
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available
1.39
17
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20
27
1.45
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
26
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70
22
2.37
34
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
608.00 kJ/mol
99+
650.90 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,206.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,267.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol
35
4th Energy Level
3,599.00 kJ/mol
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol
25
5th Energy Level
Not Available
6,298.70 kJ/mol
23
6th Energy Level
Not Available
12,363.00 kJ/mol
5
7th Energy level
Not Available
14,530.00 kJ/mol
5
8th Energy Level
Not Available
16,730.00 kJ/mol
7
9th Energy Level
Not Available
19,860.00 kJ/mol
7
10th Energy Level
Not Available
22,240.00 kJ/mol
12
11th Energy Level
Not Available
24,670.00 kJ/mol
15
12th Energy Level
Not Available
29,730.00 kJ/mol
12
13th Energy Level
Not Available
32,446.00 kJ/mol
12
14th Energy Level
Not Available
86,450.00 kJ/mol
1
15th Energy Level
Not Available
94,170.00 kJ/mol
2
16th Energy Level
Not Available
102,300.00 kJ/mol
3
17th Energy Level
Not Available
112,700.00 kJ/mol
4
18th Energy Level
Not Available
121,600.00 kJ/mol
5
19th Energy Level
Not Available
130,700.00 kJ/mol
6
20th Energy Level
Not Available
143,400.00 kJ/mol
8
21st Energy Level
Not Available
151,440.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.12 g/amp-hr
15
0.38 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
Not Available
4.30 eV
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
98
20
23
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f10 7s2
[Ar] 3d3 4s2
Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Crystal Lattice
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Californium.jpg#100
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
98
20
23
99+
Number of Neutrons
153
9
28
99+
Number of Electrons
98
20
23
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm
9
134.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
Not Available
153.00 pm
33
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
200.00 pm
28
Atomic Weight
251.00 amu
17
50.94 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
Not Available
8.78 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
44.50 (-eV)
38
120.00 (-eV)
6
Lattice Constant
338.00 pm
99+
303.00 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
15.10 g/cm3
21
6.00 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
5.50 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
Not Available
800.00 MPa
6
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
0.23 (Pa)
16
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
Not Available
47.00 GPa
16
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
160.00 GPa
11
Young's Modulus
Not Available
128.00 GPa
15
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
0.37
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Malleable, Sectile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
15.10
13
5.96
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Unknown
Superconductor
Resistivity
Not Available
197.00 nΩ·m
19
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
0.05 106/cm Ω
35
Electron Affinity
Not Available
50.60 kJ/mol
20
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
Not Available
0.49 J/(kg K)
10
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
24.89 J/mol·K
99+
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
30.70 W/m·K
39
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
8.40 µm/(m·K)
99+
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
458.60 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
17.57 kJ/mol
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
514.60 kJ/mol
13
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
28.90 J/mol.K
99+
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